Ensuring the highest safety of people and property is a rather important task that is set for those who are responsible for the premises.
The need for fire extinguishing systems
There are cases when it is simply impossible to protect yourself from various kinds of dangers, but there is a threat that can be prevented. In this case, we are talking about a fire. Automatic fire extinguishing systems, the installation and design of which are very important points, must be installed according to certain documentation, which is the most important factor in achieving the highest level of safety.
Design Features
Initially, you need to determine the type of building. It is from this stage that the design of the system begins. The building can be residential, not intended for habitation, under voltage, and also designed to store valuables, equipment and other things.
Automatic systemsfire extinguishing, the installation of which is most often carried out exclusively by specialists, involves the choice of equipment at the design stage - it can be powder, water or other, which will depend on the type of room. For example, if it is necessary to protect warehouses with a large amount of metal from fire, then it is best to use a powder system for this. If the design is made for a library, then it is recommended to consider a gas installation, since water and foam can damage documents.
Important design considerations
Automatic fire extinguishing systems, which must be installed in accordance with certain rules, provide for the determination of the optimal temperature regime at the design stage. This factor is connected with the previous point, that is, with what system it was decided to apply. Thus, if the temperature does not fall below zero, it is possible to use only spray, foam or water sprinklers. If the temperature inside the building can be below zero, it is better to use a powder or gas fire extinguishing method.
Sprinkler systems and their design
If you are interested in automatic fire extinguishing systems, sprinkler and deluge installations can be called one of the most common. The first involves the presence of water pipes. The system is constantlyfilled with fire extinguishing agent. It has such a name for the reason that it is equipped with sprinklers, which are special nozzles. Among them, one can single out a fusible nozzle, which is exposed during a fire and is responsible for supplying a fire extinguishing agent to the place of ignition. This process will not depend on whether there are living creatures in the room. Installation of such a system involves the installation of a network of pipes that have sprinklers. Installation is carried out under the ceilings of the premises. A large area is divided into separate sections, each of which is served by its own signal. In the process of installing automatic fire extinguishing control systems, this protection is often used for the reason that it has many advantages, among them the simplicity of the equipment.
Use area
Design is usually carried out for sports complexes, offices and residential buildings. In this case, the height of the room should not be more than 20 meters. An exception is the case when the installation is intended to protect structural elements. When creating a project, some points are taken into account, namely the determination of the diameter of the pipeline, which must comply with existing standards. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to take into account that a certain amount of water must be supplied to the sprinklers at a critical moment, which will be used to extinguish the flame. Both jet shape and area to be treated are selected.
Powder systems and their design
If you have chosen automatic fire extinguishing systems, installation, prices should be of interest. Information about this is presented in the article.
A special powder composition can be used to eliminate open flames. Such a system has its advantages, among them are environmental friendliness, versatility of use, as well as fairly quick suppression of the flame. This approach is used to protect electrical installations and spray booths, for engineering rooms and other facilities that do not imply the possibility of extinguishing with water. In the process of designing this system, it is important to determine the number of modules, as well as to make a calculation, taking into account the possibility of uneven distribution of the powder. Among other things, specialists must correctly distribute the modules.
Gas systems and their design
We continue to consider fire extinguishing systems (types, arrangement of this equipment are described in the article). Among others, gas installations can be distinguished, which are used when it is not possible to use other extinguishing methods. As an example, museum premises can be singled out. Design involves paying special attention to calculations. Among gas fire extinguishing systems there are centralized and modular ones. The final choice will depend on the number of rooms thatin need of protection, from the area and the appearance of the main building.
Common mistakes
It is important to consider that when designing the described systems, mistakes are often made, namely, the manual NPB 88-2001 is used, which does not have a calculation methodology and corresponding programs. As a result, the diameters of the pipelines are too large or small. In no case should the weight of the fire extinguishing agent be neglected. Thus, when using Freon-23, there is no mass control, despite the fact that this substance is a liquefied gas.
Mounting Features
Automatic fire extinguishing systems, which are installed after the approval of the project, must be installed by specialists. This is due to the fact that human safety in the event of a fire will depend on this stage. Installation work involves several types of manipulations, including plumbing, as well as electrical work, welding, programming, and more.
It is important to carry out all the calculations, because it is necessary to install several types of elements, among them - those that are able to detect signs of a flame. As a rule, this is a whole set of sensors. It is impossible not to note the elements that notify of the occurrence of emergency situations. The system must have devices that store and drop the extinguishing agent. These are tanks, pipelines and so on.
Installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system, the cost of which will be mentioned below, includes installationfire detectors, which are located on the ceiling. They must respond to threats like smoke or open flames. These sensors are connected to the control panel.
Reservoirs
Among other things, it is important to mount tanks that will be filled with extinguishing agent. The next step is to install the piping system required to supply the extinguishing agent with a spray gun. For more efficient operation of the system, it is necessary to connect equipment that is responsible for smoke removal. This includes sound alarms. Among other things, additional elements must be connected that guarantee protection against other threats, such as: burglar alarms.
Reviews on the water fire extinguishing system
Installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system, the cost of which can start from 15,000 rubles, implies, according to users, the presence of a pumping station, control units, sprinklers, water tanks, and a piping system. Owners of private houses and warehouses who have decided to use fire protection in the form of a water system note that the pumping station should be located in a separate room, but a separate building can also be used for this.
Be that as it may, the place is insulated with fireproof partitions, ceilings, the fire resistance limit of which should be 45. Consumers note that they were tasked with ensuring the internal temperature of this room in the range from 5 to 35 degrees. Among other things, the humidity level must not exceed80%. This is true for 25 degrees Celsius.
It is especially important to check emergency and working lighting, as well as telephone communications. As consumers emphasize, control units are located at the pumping station. It is important that these parts of the system be freely accessible.
As for the sprinklers, when working with an object that is characterized by projecting ceiling elements or ceiling beams, these components must be mounted between the above projecting objects, this will ensure a more uniform coverage of the area at the time of extinguishing.
If there is a false ceiling in a niche, you can make a hidden installation of sprinklers. Automatic fire extinguishing systems, whose history dates back several decades, require the presence of a water reservoir. It should contain the estimated amount of liquid required for extinguishing. It is best to additionally install equipment that will be responsible for blocking the flow of water for other needs. Among other things, as buyers and users of these systems note, there is a need to install a device that will replenish the tank during extinguishing.
The described system of automatic fire extinguishing must provide for the presence of pipelines. This system cannot be connected to fire extinguishing installations of a sanitary or industrial plan, however, it is possible to combine it with a drinking or industrial system.
User opinion on foam fire extinguishing installation
Business caseinstallation of an automatic fire extinguishing system, an example of which will be described below, is explained by the need to protect oil, chemical enterprises, as well as power plants.
Multiple dispensers must be installed to extinguish the flame when using this system. At the moment of liquid supply, they are able to regulate the supply due to the difference in pressure at the inlet and outlet. The foam solution is obtained by a volumetric method, which includes the preparation of a foam concentrate mixture in a container. According to people who observed the result of the operation of this system, the foam solution is able to form a film on the surface that blocks the flow of air to the source of ignition.
In order not to repair the installations of the automatic fire extinguishing system, which may be necessary during operation, you should entrust the design and installation to specialists. The pipelines of the system described above can be filled by filling, dry pipe or circulating method. The second option assumes good filling up to the starting and closing devices.
Fine Mist System Feedback
According to users, these fire extinguishing installations are the most cost-effective, this is due to the fact that they do not require the installation of pumping stations, tanks and treatment facilities. Among other things, there is no need to build pipelines.
Factory owners emphasize that this approach saves a significant amount of money.
