Both in construction and in many other industries, special crushers are used to grind various materials and obtain the necessary fractions. They come in different models that are designed for a specific type of work. Depending on the type of crushing mechanism, the devices are cone, rod, hammer, jaw, roller and rotary.
What is impact crusher
The Impact Crusher is an impact crusher designed for crushing non-abrasive and medium hard rock materials. The industry produces models for coarse, medium and fine grinding, structurally differing in the size of the rotors and the number of reflective plates. All of them provide high quality crushing.
The most popular type is the SMD rotary crusher (stationary crusher), which consists of a frame, a rotor, a body, baffle plates, beaters and a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the plate and beaters. Its peculiarity is a special recycling device, which allows you to eventually get the material fractions of the required shapes and sizes.
It differs from other species in thatthe crushing devices are rigidly fixed on the rotor. Used for primary and secondary crushing of iron ore, bas alt, dolomite, coal, marble and other materials. The impact crusher has high economic and technological characteristics, which makes them popular.
There are also mobile (on wheels) impact crushers that are designed to work in difficult conditions. When using them, there is no need to transport the material, as they work directly in the processing zone. The mobile impact crusher has high productivity and excellent performance in crushing heavy rocks. It is used in the chemical and metallurgical industries, in various industries in the manufacture of building materials.
Classification
Impact crushers are classified depending on the unit design into:
- Irreversible single impact crushers with or without grate;
- reversible single-rotor;
- double-rotor with or without grate.
Working principle
Easy-to-use impact crusher with a simple working principle can perform crushing as follows. The beaters attached to the rotor rotate in a circle at high speed, destroying the material in the crushing chamber. It hits the walls and breaks into smaller pieces. The level of grinding can be adjusted by the speed of the rotor or the required clearance between the deflector plate and the beaters.
Primary crushing of the material is subject to certain conditions. The moisture content of the rock should not be higher than 9–10%, and the content of quartz sand in it should not be 10%. The impact crusher can be used in various stages of crushing, even before the material is completely crushed.
Pros and cons
The impact crusher has comfortable, small external parameters. It has high performance and stability. Maintenance of these machines is not difficult, as their design is simple and reliable. For a long service life and efficiency of the crusher, all working components and spare parts are made from high quality materials.
Due to the performance characteristics, the units can be used simultaneously to perform several stages of work. This improves productivity and saves a lot of time. The process of crushing the material occurs evenly, which ensures that the fraction size of each crushed piece is the same.
Besides the advantages, crushers of this type also have disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is the inability to crush abrasive and hard materials. When crushing such rocks, beaters and plates quickly become unusable, and the process of replacing them is complex and expensive.
Application areas
The impact crusher is used in mining, electrical, metallurgy, chemical industries, construction. Particularly popular crushing machineof this type in road construction for the production of crushed stone, disposal of construction waste at facilities. Impact crushers are in demand due to their simple design, high productivity, ease of operation and energy efficiency.
