Plaster is a building mixture, which includes various binders and fillers, such as cement, sand, gypsum, lime. Plastering is one of the easiest and most common ways to level walls. In addition, it can be used to give the surface a different texture and texture, protect it from moisture and temperature changes, prepare walls for painting, etc.
Types of plasters
In order to be able to determine the amount of work performed and navigate the variety of mixtures that are used for finishing, you must first find out what types exist. There are an infinite number of options for finishing with plaster. Various materials allow you to create incredible interiors that are not inferior to other recognized methods of decoration. One has only to show the imagination of the owner of the premises andchoose good finishers.
Types of plaster (see photo above) are classified primarily depending on the conditions for further use of the coating and the characteristics of the surface on which the material will be applied. Also, plaster can have a different purpose, composition and method of application. Plastering is a rather laborious process.
In general, there are several main types:
- usual, which is the basis, which in the future will need to be brought to readiness. It can be wallpapered, painted, pasted over with some other materials. Depending on the performance, it is divided into high-quality, simple and improved plaster;
- decorative. Its purpose is the design of interior surfaces and facades of buildings. There are several types of solutions that can make the surface textured, embossed, colored;
- special types of plasters are designed to protect the surface. They are divided into waterproof, heat-insulating, X-ray protective solutions.
Classification of ordinary plaster
This type is used for finishing work not only indoors, but also for the facade. Such material is of the following types:
- simple plaster, consisting of two layers. It is used for plastering auxiliary non-residential premises that do not require any special finishing. These include the attic, basement,various temporary structures, warehouses, etc.;
- improved plaster. Consists of three layers (spraying, soil and covering). It is used when finishing residential, industrial and public buildings, such as apartments, schools, hospitals;
- high quality plaster. Its application takes place in several layers. Used in the decoration of buildings with increased requirements for work. It is used in theaters, museums, hotels, etc.
Depending on the way the work is done, the following types of wall plastering are distinguished:
- wet plaster is a universal way to finish various surfaces. Its advantages are as follows: it is quite undemanding to high humidity, adheres very strongly to the surface, and is easy to apply. Its main disadvantage is the complexity of preparing the solution, as well as the long period of its drying;
- dry plaster is produced, as a rule, in the form of a variety of ready-made mixtures that have their own characteristics and are designed for use in specific conditions.
There are many different plaster solutions. Some of them may be based on cement, others - lime or gypsum. In addition, various additives and impurities are used, due to which the plaster acquires specific properties, such as sound insulation, water resistance, etc.
Decorative plaster
This is practically the most popular wall and ceiling finishing material currently used by professional designersand architects. Decorative plaster is able to give the room a special, unique and inimitable style. With its help, you can create the effect of aging of the surface, artificial cracks, get a smooth glossy surface and much more. Applying decorative plaster is a rather difficult job and requires high skill.
Advantages of decorative plaster
These types of plasters have many advantages:
- they are not afraid of moisture, so they are often used to finish the bathroom, shower, pool;
- does not absorb odors, making it suitable for use in the kitchen;
- have good soundproofing qualities. Thanks to this, decorative plaster can be used in noisy rooms;
- retain heat well, which saves on heating in winter;
- easy to clean.
Types of plaster application depend on the tool used:
- brush creates a uniform pattern or uniform structure;
- apply material with a trowel and create a decorative pattern;
- with a sponge you can create smooth transitions and streaks;
- brush and swab perform pattern and structure.
Types of decorative plaster
The most basic and common types of plasters:
- Venetian. Its use makes it possible to create an imitation of wall decoration with valuable materials, such as marble or malachite. If the work is done in accordance with all the rules, it is usually very difficult to distinguish a fake. Applied only by specialstainless steel trowel.
- Structural. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it has a heterogeneous structure. Its composition includes special granules of different sizes, allowing you to get the effect of a "fur coat". If you use different sprayers for work, you can make a wide variety of patterns. It is usually applied with a metal or plastic trowel.
- Textured. Its main difference is plasticity, which makes it possible to form decorative elements.
- Mineral. Various minerals are added to its composition: quartz, granite, marble, etc. It allows you to create spectacular natural textures.
Types of Venetian plaster
Currently, there are a huge number of different types of Venetian plaster. This is perhaps one of the most beautiful wall coverings, with which even a modest apartment can be turned into a chic apartment. Venetian plaster is able to organically complement any interior. It can be matte, embossed, smooth, shiny, etc. The division into types depends on the method of applying the plaster. By modifying the application technique, you can achieve the most extraordinary effects.
Types of Venetian plaster:
- limestone (natural). It contains lime and water. It is quite difficult to apply, but at the same time it has a very beautiful texture and strong shine;
- acrylic. It is more durable and easier to apply than lime plaster;
- with fillers. It is made on the basis of lime, in whichadd mineral fillers such as calibrated marble chips, mica, etc.
The process of applying Venetian plaster is quite complicated, especially if you have never worked with it before.
Types of textured plaster
Decorative textured plaster allows you to form a rough layer on the surface of the walls. It is formed from a granular mixture, which is made on the basis of a binder and a filler (granite, quartz, marble chips, wood, mica, sand, etc.). In addition, all kinds of additional components are added to the mixture.
This material makes it possible to achieve successful implementation of various design solutions. With the help of textured plaster, you can get a lot of original drawings. It can be tinted to any color. A distinctive feature is increased strength, good heat and sound insulation, resistance to fire and variable humidity, durability and non-toxicity.
Textured plaster consists of a mixture of binders (both synthetic and mineral) and fillers (small stones, crumbs of minerals, fibers of cotton, wood, linen and other similar materials).
Types of textured plaster are classified according to the base and binder used.
- Mineral plaster is produced as a dry cement mix. It contains special additives that make the coating more elastic and embossed.
- Acrylic plaster as a bindersubstance has acrylic resin. They release it ready-made. This material is easy to apply to the base.
- Silicone plaster has a binder - synthetic resin. Its distinguishing feature is high plasticity, due to which the work is much easier. Used in interior and facade work.
- Silicate. A distinctive feature of the finish is resistance to any influences, as well as versatility, since this material fits perfectly on almost all surfaces. As a binder, special liquid glass is added to it.
Plaster bark beetle. Types of mixtures
This decorative plaster is a mixture that has a different look and color, to which small pebbles - granules are added. It is intended for finishing and decorating rooms, interior walls and facades of buildings. With the help of a bark beetle, you can make a fairly original surface, hide all defects and recreate different textures (“tree bark”, “waves”, “stones”). After its application, no additional processing is required. Due to the wide palette of colors and shades, you can easily choose the right option. The bark beetle is sufficiently resistant to negative atmospheric influences, has good mechanical strength, and is not afraid of moisture. Its surface can be washed. Bark beetle plaster, the types of which are very diverse, is a very beautiful and, most importantly, high-quality material. It is suitable for plastering both residential and public areas.
On salethese types of plaster:
- dry mixes in bags (polymer cement mixes with mineral fillers and modifiers). Applied with a layer of white, and then already painted;
- ready mix in buckets (polymer plaster). It is dyed in special tinting machines, so the coating does not require further painting.
Types of facade plaster
At the present time, instead of conventional plastering, the heat-insulating system of building facades is being used more and more often. A special insulating material is attached to the wall with clamps and glue, and a reinforcing mesh is attached to it.
For the facing layer, a special facade plaster is used, which has a fairly simple application technology.
The choice of its type depends on how the room will look like, because this is the face of the house, so to speak. Making the right choice is very important. There are the following main types of facade plaster:
- mineral;
- acrylic;
- silicate;
- silicone.
All types of external plaster, due to their peculiar composition, are able to provide reliable protection of the external walls of the room from the negative effects of the environment for a long period.
Types of plasters for interior decoration
Plaster for interior decoration is the final and integral process in construction. This is a solution that is applied to the wall and, as a rule, serves as the basis for other coating formations (wallpapering, staining, whitewashing). For this reason, it is very important to choose the right mix for the final job.
The following types of internal plaster are distinguished:
- Cement. This type of finish, which is based on cement, can be used to decorate the walls of absolutely any type of room. This composition perfectly tolerates temperature changes, it is not afraid of strong humidity. Therefore, this material can be used in a bathroom or sauna, in unheated rooms. The application of the solution is quite easy, so it is not difficult to cope with this work on your own. In addition, the cost of such coverage is very low.
- Gypsum. Plaster on this basis allows you to create a very even and thin layer, which can serve as an excellent base for painting. If desired, suitable tinting additives can be added to the gypsum composition. This composition dries very quickly. The main disadvantage is that it does not tolerate moisture well.
- Silicone. The mixture, which is based on silicone, has good resistance to moisture, it is not afraid of ultraviolet, fungus, parasites. In addition, it is a very durable compound.
- Decorative. Various compositions of these mixtures are used as wall decorations, giving the surface a certain texture.
All types of plasters for interior wall decoration can have different purposes. They are used to level walls, smooth out roughness, depressions, chips. In addition, there are specialized blends that are designed to achieve differentgoals. They protect the walls of the room from water, prevent heat loss, increase noise insulation or decorate the walls.
