If you do not know why ventilation in a bath or sauna is so important, you should remember that the quality of this system will determine the ability to maintain a comfortable temperature in the washing room, dressing room and steam room, as well as the rest room. The safety and service life of the entire building will also depend on the correct design of the ventilation system, which is especially true when the walls are made of wood.
When designing a building, it must be remembered that ventilation must be done taking into account several factors. The operation of the system will be based on physical laws, and the scheme is clear and simple. For air circulation, the openings must be supply and exhaust.
The first ones are necessary for air to enter inside. If the ventilation in the building is arranged correctly, then such holes are located as close as possible to the floor and near the stove. Exhaust vents are used to remove superheated air and carbon monoxide. They should be positioned higher so that they are opposite the air inlets.
Requiredmaterials
If you want to decide for yourself the question of how to properly ventilate the bath, you must first prepare the materials. The basis will be wooden boxes. In a couple of hours you can make them yourself from the boards. In addition to these, you will need:
- supply grilles;
- corrugated pipes;
- latches.
There should be 3 grids, as well as valves, the last of which are also called exhaust valves. When buying a corrugated pipe, you must choose products with a length of 1.5 m. The parameters of valves and gratings are selected taking into account the size of the room.
Valves are needed in order to regulate the volume of incoming air. If you search, then on sale you can find a round screw-on exhaust valve. It will look more attractive and provide a snug fit, ensuring minimal airflow when closed.
Features of the natural ventilation device
If you plan to equip the ventilation in the bath with your own hands, you should know that it can be natural or forced. The first type works due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the room. The performance depends on the placement of the holes. The most suitable solution is to place the air inlets near the floor as well as near the stove.
In the first case, the height is within 350mm. As for the exhaust openings, they are located 200 mm below the ceiling level. Such systems cannot be installed in steam rooms and steam rooms, because cold air will collect near the floor, and hot air will accumulate in the upper part. Adjusting the movement of air flows will be difficult, but if the ventilation elements are positioned correctly, then this problem can be de alt with.
Forced ventilation
If you are faced with the question of how to properly ventilate the steam room of a bath, then you can take as a basis a forced system, which is divided into a combined system and ventilation, equipped with electronic systems. In the latter case, we are talking about a design with the ability to control humidity and temperature. By installing such ventilation, you can regulate the flow of air and ensure its filtration. Such devices are quite expensive, and their maintenance will also require considerable funds. Combined ventilation powered by fans
Choosing the type of ventilation depending on the building material
If you need proper ventilation in the bath, then you must figure out what material underlies the walls. If you correctly position the vents, observe their volumes and compare with the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, then natural ventilation will work well in a Russian bath made of timber or logs.
Frame building is a sealed structure. In this it is better to usecoercive system. In the outer wall of the steam room, the supply openings should be equipped with a blower fan. If we are talking about a foam block or brick building, then only forced ventilation is installed in it.
System planning
Ventilation in the Russian bath at the first stage must be planned. First you must choose a schema. If even small errors are made in the design of the location of the exhaust and supply openings, this can cause undesirable consequences. In the steam room, this often reduces the temperature or increases the concentration of carbon monoxide.
At the appropriate stages of construction, ventilation ducts for the washing room, dressing room, and rest rooms are installed. This should also include openings for air flow, as well as the removal of carbon monoxide. Grilles and dampers for adjusting the parameters of exhaust and supply openings, as well as the cross-section of ventilation ducts should be selected and installed at the stage of final finishing of the premises.
If you need ventilation in a bath, then you must remember that its operation depends on the size of the holes and their relative position. In the first case, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the room, regardless of whether you are working with a relaxation room, steam room, washing room or dressing room.
Choosing hole size
The parameters of the ventilation openings are selected taking into account the volume of the room. Grids are used to adjust the gapsand shutter doors. With large ventilation windows, heating the room to the desired temperature is extremely difficult. This may result in the risk of excessive consumption of electricity or fuel.
Sometimes the owners of baths face difficulties that are expressed in adjusting the cross section of the channels. This is due to the fact that it is not always possible to open each opening to the desired distance with your own hands. Before installing ventilation in a Russian steam room, you must consider that the opening area is calculated taking into account the following data: for each cubic meter of room volume, there should be 24 cm2 of the ventilation opening area. To increase the draft of air from the outside, the exhaust hole must be larger than the inlet. When the hole area is small, the humidity and temperature of the air, as well as the concentration of gas, can rise to critical values.
Mutual arrangement of holes
Any ventilation system works on the basis of the replacement of air masses. They move under the influence of air pressure from outside. It must be possible to adjust the direction of heat from the furnace. Ventilation is equipped with two supply openings. To localize heat flows with the help of valves, a gap of the required width is created.
Floor ventilation for Russian steam room
The ventilation system in the bath is also provided through the floor. To do this, small vents are made in the foundation. Centimeter gaps are left between the boards during the laying of the floor. ATthere should be air inlets on parallel walls, which are covered with bars.
In order for the stove to act as an additional hood, the final floor is laid above the level of the blower. After completing the procedures in the bath, the doors must be left open until the floor is completely dry.
Ventilation in dressing room and washing room
In the dressing room, you can use a combined or natural type of ventilation, then fresh air will enter through the exact channel, and exit with a fan through the channel of the bathroom, vestibule or steam room. It is possible to install a ventilator, this requires an outlet to the street and a power supply.
Forced ventilation in a forced-type bath is needed in a washing room. It is powered by an electric motor. Streams are output towards the vestibule. The exhaust and supply channels must have the same section, the entrance of the latter is located 2 m above the soil level, and the outlet of the first is above the roof.
Ventilation device in the steam room in the adjacent room
Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be equipped according to the following technology: the furnace panel is covered with brick with a gap ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm. Bas alt wool is placed in it, since thermal expansion can cause deformation and destruction of the masonry. Next, you can begin to form the supply holes. In this case, one of two methods apply.
The first involves holding a ventilation duct under the floor from the street. Its diameter should be 120% of the diameter of the chimney. The element is displayed at the metal furnace sheet,which protects the floor surface from fire. Ventilation grilles are installed on the channel from the outside and from the inside.
Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can also be arranged according to the second method, which differs only in that the channel supply will be floor. It is taken out from the street and directed to the pre-furnace sheet, installing ventilation grilles. The next step is to install the hood. It will be located on the opposite wall. It is better if it is located diagonally from the supply holes. A ventilation duct is installed vertically for this. It is removed from the floor level by 30 cm. The decoration box can be sheathed with clapboard. The area of the inlet openings must be equal to the area of the exhaust openings. Otherwise, you will create draft, and the amount of fresh air will be reduced.
Ventilation for the firebox inside the steam room
Proper ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be arranged in one of two ways. When a stove-heater is installed in the room, and air enters the blower, the ventilation problem is solved automatically. Air will enter through the open door. A 5 mm gap is left for this. This method is relevant if the fire in the furnace is constantly maintained, which guarantees the operation of the blower.
If we are talking about a black bath, where there is no chimney, but there is a short-term oven, then a more advanced ventilation system is required. If at the same time you want to resolve the issue of how to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath, then you must equip the podium on which the stove is installed. Heallow ventilation ducts to be connected to the equipment. To do this, three rows of bricks are laid on the edge from the wall, where there will be a hole for ventilation.
The first row is located near the wall, the second row will be oriented along the edge, and the third row will be in the middle. Such a masonry will have a height of 24 cm. It is covered with bricks from above, but the last pair of products is not placed in the place where the stove will be located. Next, you can move on to the bookmark of the end. Something is placed under the blower door, otherwise it will rub against the floor. One box should be directed upwards, the second - in the steam room.
Channels for doors are installed on the wall adjacent to the rest room. They will be located where the masonry passes. The doors should not reach the top of the 12 cm brick jacket. If necessary, they can be opened to warm up the rest room.
The oven is installed on the podium. Sometimes metal plates are used as the basis. Holes are left for the passage of the fuel channel when lining the furnace. Leave 2 cm between the heater and the brick. Later, this space is covered with non-combustible material.
Next, a brick screen is formed, in which two convection doors must be installed. At the same time, exhaust ventilation is arranged according to the same principle as in the furnace outside the steam room.
Location of ventilation windows
If the ventilation in the bath has windows of the appropriate purpose, then they should not be located opposite each other and on the same level. This is due to the fact that in this case, hot air will not circulate normally, and will not cover the required heating area.
When creating such conditions, uniform mixing of air masses will not occur, so you must determine the correct placement of ventilation elements in the bath. Exhaust windows are located at a height below the ceiling, as the superheated air mass rushes up. If an outlet is provided for it, it will go into the exhaust hole, which guarantees timely air purification.
Possible ventilation schemes
Ventilation in the bath can be arranged according to the following principle: the window for incoming air is located next to the heater and is 350 mm from the floor. When the heater heats up, heavy air, which has a more impressive mass, will move from the ventilation window to the opposite wall, raising the hot stream into the exhaust hole. It will be located 250 cm from the ceiling.
Another ventilation scheme in the bath provides for the location of holes on one wall, although this approach is not recommended. If there is a fan in the exhaust opening, then this technology may well be implemented. Intensive natural blowing is provided by the lower window, which is located on the opposite wall from the heater.
The air masses are directed towards the stove, where they pick up the outgoing hot light stream, which rushes in a wide arc and covers the room, falling into the exhaust hole. Such a ventilation device in the bathsuitable for a sauna in a house where there is only one external wall.
In order not to stretch the box to the opposite side, the windows are located in the wall that faces the street. If the bath has a leaking floor, then a scheme can be used for it, in which the window for incoming air is located in the same place as in the first scheme, namely, near the heater. The exit will be organized differently. The ventilation device in the bath at the same time ensures a decrease in the level of air that passes through the slots of the flooring and helps to evaporate moisture, which prolongs the life of the coating.
The exhaust opening will be located in an adjacent room or an isolated channel that does not have a large exit to the steam room. Usually it is supplemented with a fan to ensure good circulation along a complex trajectory.
If you want to understand how to make ventilation in the bath, then you should consider whether to use this scheme, which is not too popular. This is due to the complexity of calculating the location of windows. The installation of a leaking multi-layer floor can also be accompanied by difficulties, because it is important to ensure that air flows can move in the floor cavity. Such a scheme is effective because it contributes to the most uniform heating of the steam room and helps the moisture to evaporate in a short time, and the wooden floor to dry out faster.
Scheme of the ventilation device in a room with a constantly working oven
Another variant of the ventilation system requires the presence of a working stove in the room. Blowerthe hole in this case will act as an exhaust hood, but the supply window should be placed under the shelf on the opposite wall from the heater.
Cold air will then rush towards the heater, raising the heated air to the ceiling. The air masses, when cooled, will be forced down, going into the blower hole. Before you make ventilation in the bath, you should remember that today more complex schemes are also known, in which there are two supply and the same number of exhaust windows, as well as ventilation with forced air circulation. Such a scheme requires adjustment, but allows you to set the required temperature in the steam room as accurately as possible.
The ideal solution would be to install a ventilation system simultaneously with the construction of a bath. If a ready-made room is converted into a building or you are arranging in the basement, then it is better to choose a room or separate a corner with two external walls. Under these conditions, there will be no problems with the ventilation device.
In the absence of such a possibility, when the bathhouse is located in the middle of a private house, ventilation can be provided by ventilation ducts that connect the room with the external environment. Sometimes the ventilation pipe is removed through the roof and ceiling. At the same time, the pipe should be closed with a protective umbrella from above so that fallen leaves and precipitation do not get inside.
Making a ventilation hole in a log house
First you need to select a crown of the desired diameter and fix it in the chuck, having previously marked the place for drilling. In order to lighten the effort, the crown is lubricated with machine oil. This operation will have to be repeated periodically.
When the element is deepened by 2/3 of the drilling height, it is necessary to stop work and remove the crown, and then re-lubricate its outer and inner surfaces. With the help of a thin drill, the center is outlined. A crown is inserted into a shallow hole, after which it is necessary to start drilling the timber.
You need to do this as long as the crown allows. It is important to monitor the operation of the power tool so that it is not subjected to high loads. When the crown stops working, it must be removed and the cut wood removed with a chisel or chisel. It is chipped in parts in the corners. You should not work with a chisel across the fibers.
This operation must be repeated until the hole is through. If the walls are thick enough, and the drill cannot pass them on one side, then you should move to the other. For this, the center of the hole made is located. The crown has its own centering drill, but its length is not always enough to reach the reverse side.
In closing
Ventilation in the bath is an integral element of the building. Without effective air exchange, even a high-quality wooden structure may require major repairs in a few years. Without ventilation, you may experience odors, dampness, and lack of fresh indoor air.
If you perform high-quality ventilation, you can provide a favorable atmosphere inside the building and securevisitors. With the correct arrangement of the ventilation system, you will not encounter an excessively rapid failure of wooden parts. In this case, the air will not stagnate in the bath. If stagnant masses are not removed from the premises, then using the building can become dangerous to human he alth.
