A private house or country cottage must be provided with water. Without moisture, cultivated plants will not be able to bear fruit. A well, which is often equipped independently, can become a very real possibility of obtaining water.
There is no need to use heavy drilling equipment for this. To date, there are several drilling methods, each of which is simple to perform and does not involve the use of expensive equipment. You won't have to put in much effort either.
Which type of well to choose
If you want to drill a well with your own hands, then first you need to understand the varieties of this water source. It can be represented by a well, which, in the presence of a spring, quickly fills up and becomes an excellent reservoir, accommodating up to 2 cubic meters. The well can also be a filter well. It is located on the sand and is a 100 mm pipe. It is immersed in 30 mdepth with auger. A stainless steel filter mesh is fixed at the buried end of the pipe. The depth of the well can vary from 10 to 50 m. Such a water source can be operated for 5 years or more.
An artesian well with your own hands can also be equipped by you. It does not have filters, but is designed to extract water from porous limestone layers. It is possible to deepen an artesian well by 20-100 m. This source of water can be operated for about half a century. The exact depth of the well cannot be determined in advance. Tentatively, this parameter will be the same as for similar wells in neighboring areas. Deviation is possible due to the uneven occurrence of soil layers. It is necessary to buy casing pipes taking into account the parameters of available water supply sources. However, slight adjustment may be necessary.
Using manual drilling method
Before you make a well with your own hands, you must figure out which technology is right for you. The technique may involve the use of a hand drill. Additionally, you should take care of the availability:
- rig rig;
- rods;
- casing;
- winches.
When digging a deep well, you will need a drilling rig. This design provides movement of the drill with rods. If the well is shallow, then you can extract the drill string manually, without using a derrick. Rods can be made from pipes that are connected by threads or keys.
Lowerthe bar is equipped with a drill. Cutting nozzles are cut out of 3 mm sheet metal. When sharpening their edges, it must be taken into account that when the drill rotates, they must cut into the ground clockwise. When a well is being drilled with your own hands, the tower must be installed above the drilling site. Its height must be greater than the corresponding parameter of the drill rod. This will make it easier to lift and retrieve the boom.
The guide hole for the drill is dug out on two shovel bayonets. You can do the first turns of rotation yourself, but you will need help as the pipe sinks. If it is not possible to remove the drill the first time, then it should be turned counterclockwise and try again. As the drill goes deeper, the rotation of the pipe will become more difficult. Manipulation can be facilitated by softening the soil with water. As the drill moves down, every 0.5 m, the drilling structure is taken out to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle must be repeated again.
When the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure must be built up with a knee. When a well is drilled for water with your own hands, it will take a lot of time to lift and clean the equipment. It is important to use the possibilities of the design as efficiently as possible. On the surface, you should take out as much of the soil layer as possible. Drilling should be continued until the moment when it is possible to enter the aquifer. This can be determined by the condition of the excavated soil. As you progress through this stage, you will notice that the drill sinks deeper. He must reachthe catchment layer that follows the aquifer.
Dive will ensure the maximum flow of water to the source. Manual drilling can only be used to dive to the first aquifer. The depth of occurrence does not exceed 20 m. To pump out dirty water, you can use a hand pump or submersible type equipment. After about 3 buckets of dirty water, the aquifer will be flushed. This will be indicated by the appearance of clean water. If this did not happen, then you should try to deepen the well by another 2 m. A do-it-yourself water well can be drilled using a hydraulic pump and a conventional drill.
Using percussion drilling technology
The essence of the method is how to make a well yourself using a driving glass. This heavy tool falls from a tower. For work, you will need a drilling rig and a tool for the shock-rope method. It is also required to prepare a device for extracting the soil. The tower looks like a tripod and can be made of metal pipes, as well as wooden logs. The dimensions of the structures are proportional to the parameters of the downhole tool.
Do-it-yourself drilling of a well is carried out according to the following principle: the driving glass is lowered alternately and breaks the rock, and then captures it. A steel pipe can be used for the installation device. Its end is equipped with a cutting tool. The working edge, which outwardly resembles a half turn of the auger, will be in contact with the bottom. At 0.5 m from the edge, there should be a hole in the metal pipe through which you canextract the extracted soil. The drill glass will thereby be emptied. A cable is fixed to its upper part, with the help of which the glass will be lowered and the contents will be extracted to the surface. As the structure deepens, the glass will be freed from the soil. This happens every 0.5 m.
Recommendations for casing installation
Do-it-yourself drilling of a well may be accompanied by the installation of casing pipes. They can be represented by solid asbestos-cement products or individual segments. In the latter case, special attention is paid to the same diameter in order to ensure that the entire structure is immersed in the future. The pipe links are kept from slipping and fixed with staples that hide under the stainless steel strips.
When arranging a water well with your own hands, pipe casing is carried out in order to prevent shedding of the walls, prevent clogging of the water source during operation, and also block the upper aquifers, because they contain bad water. A pipe with a filter, which is made of a fine mesh, is lowered to the bottom of the well. It will trap grains of sand and provide filtration.
The pipe is lowered to the desired depth and fixed with a clamp. This eliminates spontaneous subsidence. If you correctly approach the device of the water source, then the above-ground part of the structure must be protected with a caisson. It is a cap that protects the well from contamination. After installing the well with your own hands after a whileyou may notice that the pipe has been squeezed out of the soil. This process is natural and spontaneous. Additional measures to deepen the product are not required.
Drilling Features
Do-it-yourself well construction involves digging a hole or hole. The size should be 150 x 150 cm. In order to prevent shedding of the walls, they must be lined with plywood, pieces of chipboard or boards. Another option is to dig the trunk with a conventional drill. Its diameter can vary from 15 to 20 cm. The depth will be 1 m. This is done in order to keep the pipe more stable in an upright position.
A tripod is set above the recess. It can be wooden or metal. It is also called a drilling rig. The winch is fixed at the junction of the supports. Quite often there are log towers. A drill string will hang on a tripod. The length of the rods during self-drilling will be 1.5 m. The rods are threaded into one pipe. This design is used for lifting and lowering equipment.
Do-it-yourself drilling of a water well provides for a preliminary selection of a pump. This will match the diameter of the future well. The pump must pass freely into the pipe. The difference between the diameters should be 5 mm or more. The rod rotates during the drilling process, at the same time a chisel hits it from above. Working together is much more convenient. One person will turn the gas wrench, and the secondwill act on the bar from above, breaking through the rock.
You can simplify the process with a winch. It provides easier lifting and lowering of equipment into the well. When drilling, the rod is marked. Marks are needed for orientation. The markings will let you know when to retract the rod and clean the drill.
If you are thinking about how to make a well with your own hands, you should know that you can use drills for various purposes to simplify the work. They allow you to overcome different layers of soil. For clay soils, for example, a serpentine or spiral drill is suitable. If you have to work with hard soils, then you should use a drill bit. A drill spoon is suitable for sandy soil.
The soil is raised to the surface with the help of a bailer. The sandy layer will be much easier to overcome if water is added during drilling. When the ground is hard, a chisel is used. Such a tool is flat or cross. The main purpose of the device is the loosening of hard rocks. Quicksands can be overcome by impact.
A do-it-yourself well can also be dug on clay soil. In this case, a bailer and a coil are usually used. The spiral drill perfectly overcomes such soils, because it has a design that looks like a spiral. The pitch of the helix is equal to the diameter of the drill. The lower base is equal to the limit from 45 to 85 mm. As for the blade, its diameter reaches 290 mm. There may also be pebble layers on the territory. Quite often they contain gravel. Punching is carried out through a chisel andbailer. Additionally, casing pipes are used. The hole may be filled with water. This often makes things easier.
A well in the house
If it is planned to use wells in the house, and you are not going to refuse water even in winter, then pipes are laid in trenches below the freezing line. Additional insulation will not be superfluous. Outdoor plumbing can be made from the following materials:
- metal;
- polyethylene;
- metal-plastic;
- polypropylene.
Plastic pipes are better than others, because they do not corrode, and deposits do not form on their inner walls. Installation of such communications is much easier compared to metal ones. A well in a house with their own hands is equipped in the form of a system, the continuation of which is a water supply system. It is carried out through the foundation, which excludes freezing. Connection to the casing is carried out through a caisson or downhole adapter. An electrical cable is laid along with the pipe, through which the pump will be connected. It is closed in a corrugation to exclude contact with the ground.
Supplementing the system with a pump
When a well is being built in a private house with your own hands, you should definitely select and connect a pump. This takes into account the depth of the well, the height of the water column, the water flow rate, the productivity of the source and the diameter of the casing. As a rule, centrifugal or rotary submersible models are used. Another option is often a vibrating device. But it is better to refuse to use it, as it contributes to the destruction of the walls of the well.
Precautions
Strong steel cable must be used to hang the equipment in the well. If the unit breaks into the casing, it will be very problematic to get it. It is advisable to use a winch, it will allow you to lower the pump into the casing. A check valve must be connected to the pump, onto which the coupling is screwed. Next is the connection to the water pipe. An electric cable is fixed to the pipe with plastic clamps every 3 m.
Introduction of the pump into the well is carried out at the next stage. With a deviation from the bottom of 2 m, it is necessary to install equipment. The pipe and cable are threaded through the head and fastened with clamps. The water supply is then connected to the main line. At the final stage, you can start. If the water went, then everything was done correctly.
Additional knots
When arranging a well, it is important to remember that a submersible pump is a fairly powerful consumer of electricity. Its connection in this regard is carried out through a voltage stabilizer. When laying engineering systems, it is necessary to take into account the depth of soil freezing. Each region has its own setting. The system should provide for a tank with an impressive capacity and a hydraulic accumulator. The pipeline is laid with a slight slope. In the caisson shouldbe provided for the possibility of draining the water.
In conclusion
In order to ensure a full-fledged automatic water supply in the conditions of a summer residence or a country house, it is necessary to drill a well on the site. Usually this business is entrusted to specialists. However, you can carry out the work yourself, taking into account the geological structure of the soil and choosing the drilling technology.
