Due to its specificity, there are many diagrams and drawings in the technical industry. A competent engineer must not only read these diagrams with confidence, but also be able to draw them up. Since there are a lot of directions in technology, each structure has its own nuances, it was decided to standardize the principles for constructing drawings and diagrams.
For simplified drawing up and reading of drawings, the state standard summarized all elements and devices in a document numbered GOST 21.614 and GOST 21.608. It also describes the rules for applying conditional graphic images in the drawing, including the designation of the outlet on the diagram.
Causes of OAG
The abbreviation OUG stands for conditional graphic designation. Due to the fact that the drawing is an official document, then it must be drawn up correctly. If everything is done as it should, then this will allow you to accurately interpretdrawing content. If such rules did not exist, there would be many controversial issues in the manufacture of a part or the construction of a structure.
During the days when drawings were drawn by hand, engineers tried their best to simplify the drawing process. This made it possible to issue design and survey documentation in a short time. In modern construction, special software systems have long been used to perform drawings. They greatly simplify the life of designers, but OGGs are still relevant. In electrical engineering, all drawings for 95% consist of only one conventional graphic images.
There are many elements in the drawing, especially for construction drawings. The scale of the outline of the premises is taken from one hundredth to five hundredth. This means that the floor space can be reduced by a hundred or five hundred times.
At the hundredth scale, one centimeter on a sheet of paper is equivalent to one meter in reality. Sometimes designers need to fit a lot of elements on a small piece of paper. To solve this problem, OGG is used. This allows you to arrange multi-level electrical elements on a flat format.
Outlet designation on the diagram
When building a house or an industrial building, one cannot do without the installation of electrical apparatus or appliances. In order to understand where to place a particular device, the builder pays attention to the designation of the outlet on the electrical diagram.
Design of the section "Electrical Equipment"involves the preparation of all necessary drawings. The main set of drawings for the construction of a particular floor or room includes several types of documentation. The first is a single-line diagram of the switchgear - it displays all consumers depicted by conventional signs, the next will be a plan for their placement in the room. Next comes the specification.
In civil engineering, electrical sockets make up a significant part of conventionally graphic elements. The socket allows you to deliver electrical energy from a power station or substation to the end consumer.
Everyone knows that the socket is located on the wall. In the modern world, almost all appliances run on electrical energy from a 220 volt network. Consequently, in apartments or offices, their number is rarely less than two.
Types of designation of sockets on the plans
Like electrical equipment, sockets come in a variety of designs and uses. Therefore, the designation of the outlet on the diagram needs to be done in a different way. Consider the main types of sockets:
- bipolar - these are ordinary 220 volt sockets that are installed in apartments;
- three-pole - the same two-pole sockets, but with an additional grounding conductor, they are the modern European standard;
- four-pole - the old standard used at a voltage level of 380 volts; such sockets are mainly found in industry (if necessary inconnecting a small power three-phase motor);
- five-pole used for special connections of industrial equipment.
Types of sockets by mounting method
In addition to the specific design, sockets are distinguished by the installation method:
- with concealed installation (integrated into the wall);
- with open installation (they have their own case, which is attached to the bearing surface);
- outdoor (have a protective case with high dust and moisture resistance, designed for outdoor installation).
In the European system of marking electrical equipment, depending on the degree of protection against the ingress of dust and moisture, two Latin letters IP and a two-digit number are used. The first digit means protection against the penetration of third-party objects, the second - against the penetration of moisture. There are values from 0 to 9, the higher the number, the better the protection.
Designation of sockets on the GOST diagram
In the norms, the symbol of the outlet on the diagram is clearly prescribed. The socket in general view is depicted as a semicircle with a line extending upwards from the circle. The bar indicates the type of outlet. One means that the socket is two-pole, two parallel lines - respectively, a two-pole double.
Three lines arranged in a fan, imply that the socket is three-pole. If there is contact with the connected protective conductor, a flat line is drawn parallel to the center of the semicircle, this is true for all open-mounted sockets.
The designation of sockets, switches on the diagrams for hidden installation is as follows: another line is drawn in the center of the semicircle. It is directed from the center to the dash, which indicates the number of outlet poles. Often such an outlet is simply immured into the wall. It has a low degree of protection, but due to the fact that all exposed conductive parts are hidden in the wall, it is quite safe.
There is also a designation of sockets, switches on diagrams with a semicircle filled in black. This means that we have a socket with an increased IP value. This allows it to be installed outdoors, such as outdoors.
Where can I find the symbol for different types of sockets?
Regulates the designation of sockets on the GOST diagram. It indicates the exact dimensions and type of conditional graphic designation.
