Dacha for a city dweller has long ceased to be a place for growing vegetables, berries and fruits. People come here to take a break from the daily hustle and bustle, breathe fresh air, so the owner of a suburban area wants to decorate it with plants that do not require special care. And most importantly - they do not need to be planted every year. For this, perennials are most suitable. What types are they, what do they look like? Read about it in the article.
Plant Species
Perennial representatives of the flora are tree-like and herbaceous, like all other plants that exist on the planet. But they are distinguished by a long growth in one place, undemanding to the care and quality of the soil, as well as a great variety. Perennial plants are ornamental, shade-tolerant, flowering, climbing, fast-growing, wild-growing and others. They are the decoration of gardens, parks, cottages, territories of country houses.
Decorative instances
There are many types of perennial plants. They are resistant tounfavorable conditions, have an increased degree of viability. Thanks to the developed roots, they can extract food and moisture from the deep layers of the soil. In severe frosts, they do not freeze due to a thick layer of soil. All ornamental perennials have a wide variety:
- Herbaceous plants such as peonies.
- Shrubs, e.g. boxwood, lavender, rosemary, fern.
- Tree seedlings, representatives of these ornamental plants are barberries, honeysuckle, lilacs, wild roses, roses and others.
Examples of perennials are shown below.
Peonies
These perennial garden plants come in shrub and semi-shrub forms. They have stems that are up to one meter long. The flower has many varieties - five thousand. Gardeners prefer a grassy look with lush, fragrant buds. They bloom for a long time: from late spring to the middle of the first summer month. These are very beautiful perennials. Peonies have many varieties with double and semi-double flowers of various shades. These plants with white and pale pink buds exude a heady aroma. Perfectly combined with sage, catnip, lilac Veronica and small conifers. Peonies are not lovers of shade, water-filled lowlands and peat. Other than that, nothing else can affect the viability of the flowers.
Lavender
This shrub is undersized. It is popular with gardeners. To its merits one cancarry a compact bush, leaves of a gray-green hue and flowers with an amazing smell. This shrub is bordered by borders, flower beds. It is used as a solitary plant. Prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Rosemary
This plant is an evergreen, low shrub. It is grown in open ground in regions with a warm climate, and in the rest, as a pot culture. The shrub has fragrant leaves and blue-violet flowers. It responds well to a haircut, while the shoots are not thrown away, they are used for medicinal purposes and in cooking.
Boxwood
This shrub is evergreen and grows slowly. But the plant can also be a tall tree, reaching a length of 12-15 meters. Leaves represent beauty. Their color from above is dark green, which changes to a lighter shade towards the base. Flowers without petals are small in size, the fruits are spherical in shape. Boxwood has a not very pleasant smell. It is grown because of the crown, which designers form in the form of cones, balls, pyramids and other shapes.
Barberry
This shrub belongs to perennial plants and is characterized by unpretentiousness. For its growth, the composition of the soil does not matter, it is indifferent to drought. The shrub has many varieties. Tall varieties are used as a hedge, alpine slides and mixborders are decorated with undersized specimens. Barberries differ in garden forms, each of which has its own crown, leaf color and other characteristics. Depending on this, shrubs have found wide application in group landscapelandings. Barberry is "ordinary", "Amur", "Korean", "Canadian" and other names.
Honeysuckle
This is a flowering shrub. It is often grown to decorate the area. In decorative forms, the berries are inedible. Differs in unpretentiousness in leaving. Prefers a moist growing environment. The shrub should be planted in areas where the crown will be well illuminated by the rays of the sun, and the roots remain in the shade. This can be achieved by densely planting plants or mulching tree trunks. Honeysuckle has many varieties: “fragrant”, “beautiful”, “alpine”, “golden” and others.
Rhododendron
This is the most beautiful flowering shrub, but also the most capricious. It has many species, some grow in the Far East and Siberia. Preference is given to acidic, structured soils. Every grower dreams of growing such beauty in his garden, but it is not easy.
Lilac
This shrub with a long life cycle is known to all. Its species diversity is so great that it is difficult to count. Most people are familiar with the "common" lilac, but there are also "drooping", "Himalayan", "Persian" and other varieties. Lilac grows in fertile soil, prefers sunlight, but in moderation. Needs protection from strong gusts of wind.
Shade-tolerant plants
Many believe that the flower beds in the garden must be illuminated by the sun. This is good, of course, butthere are many plants that prefer to grow in the shade and do not become bad and ugly from this. On the contrary, they always breathe freshness. Examples of shade tolerant perennials are shown below.
- Phloxes are flowers that will decorate any garden from the beginning of the summer period until the fall. They prefer light areas, but grow in partial shade, moreover, here they bloom longer. Plants are undemanding to the soil, but still give preference to nutritious and light soils. Moisture matters to them, but they cannot stand stagnant water.
- Roses - gardeners love them, but there is a lot of trouble with them. They are capricious, freeze in the winter cold, are damaged by insects and are affected by diseases. There are many varieties of garden roses, but not very shade-tolerant ones. You need to choose exactly the one that grows well in the region where it will be grown. For example, next to fences or buildings on the site, varieties of park roses are most often planted.
- Irises are sun-loving plants, but they adapt well to bloom in the shade. Possess unpretentiousness, endurance, frost resistance. This flower is perfect for busy people. Irises come in different varieties: with low and tall stems, with flowers of large sizes and miniature forms. After a flowering period, the bush remains green and lush all summer.
- Periwinkle is a prime example of shade-tolerant garden plants. It happens as a ground cover or in the form of small shrubs. Spreads quickly, blooms in mid-spring. These flowers are used where you need to highlight some area with a bright spot of different colors.
- Brunner - this flower is a frequent guest in the gardens. It is grown due to the fact that the perennial can grow in the shade of tree crowns, along paths and walls, next to water bodies. Prefers partial shade, where it is always humid. The main thing is that lush deciduous rosettes and inflorescences receive many of the nutrients necessary for their growth. Unpretentious pale blue flowers can revive the most shady places in the garden.
Perennials
With bright blooms and rich color, these plants will decorate any site. The composition should include their different types, the flowering period of which differs in time. Examples of perennial flowers are the following plants:
- Gladiolus are perennial plants for the garden, they are quite large flowers. The height of individual specimens reaches 1.5 m. This flower has many varieties that differ in flowering periods.
- Geranium is a plant of garden forms called perennial pelargonium. It features a long flowering period and the beauty of delicate buds of scarlet shades.
- Lily of the valley is a herbaceous perennial plant for the garden. It is small in size with large leaves and small white bell flowers, located on thin stems. The flowering period is mid-spring. Care should be taken when caring for the plant, as the lily of the valley is poisonous.
To make the flower bed look harmonious, the center of the composition is filled with tall perennials, and the edges are low.
Climbing perennials
When creating a hedge around the site or fencing gazebos in the garden, this type of flora is often used. Examples of climbing perennials for a fence are:
- Ivy is an evergreen, undemanding plant. Any place is suitable for its cultivation, but ivy feels better in the shade. Likes occasional watering. His whips climb high, braiding large fences and houses.
- Wild grapes - with this plant you can plant a garden plot without spending a lot of time and effort. Grapes are unpretentious, it is enough to plant them in a hole, water and bury. Its lashes grow rapidly, up to 20 meters. By the second year after planting, a dense carpet will cover the entire area. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, after their death, berries are formed, but they are not edible. In the summer, the leaves of the usual color are saturated in color, in the fall they turn purple.
- Kampsis - This plant loves heat, light and regular watering, but it is also grown in the shade. Blooms for a long time, from early summer to autumn. Liana in length reaches 15 meters. Flowers come in pink, red, crimson, gold and orange.
Perennial plants tend to grow and eventually lose their decorative effect. For this reason, they are dug up, unnecessary shoots are removed, each bush is divided into several parts and planted in a new place of growth.
Early perennials
They exist in naturelot. Some bloom in early spring and are the only ornaments of garden plots. Some examples of perennial flowering plants are shown below.
- Snowdrops - they are not afraid of frost. As soon as the snow begins to melt, they are already showing on the surface of the ground. The best place to plant them in the garden is a site located next to trees and shrubs. They bloom for a short time, but it's worth it to grow them in the backyard. Enjoying such beauty among the snow cover is a pleasure.
- Crocuses - these delicate flowers bloom at the same time as snowdrops. They look fresh and spectacular, especially if you plant nearby plants with different bud colors. Like snowdrops, crocuses are best planted in the shade of trees and shrubs. They love open spaces and grow well in lawns.
- Muscari - these flowers are very popular among summer residents, as they have an unusual appearance. Flowering time varies from species to species. Early varieties begin to bloom in March. This perennial is an unpretentious plant, its care is simple, it can reproduce on its own. This must be taken into account during planting, since it is not easy to transfer a flower to a new place of growth. Therefore, it is better to plant it with pots.
- Tulips - these plants are considered the most common and most unpretentious. They are grown in almost every suburban area. Spring flowers have many varieties, which are combined into several types, differing in appearance, flowering periods and height, whichreaches 10-50 cm. With the right selection of varieties, only tulips alone can perfectly decorate a flower bed and even an alpine hill. The first flowering occurs in March, the last - at the end of May.
- Daffodils - they appear in the garden at the same time as tulips. They begin to bloom in April and finish at the end of May. The garden at this time is illuminated by bright shades of flowers that exude an exquisite aroma. Depending on the variety, they can be terry and simple, and their crown is long and short. They grow well both in sunny places and in the shade of trees. They are used in plantings with ferns of garden varieties, bergenia, tulips and other plants. Daffodils grow for a long time in one area without a transplant.
Fast growing perennials
Such plants are grown to quickly decorate the desired garden area. They are most often used to create hedges, decoration of arches, balconies and walls of buildings. A living fence, for example, protects the site from unwanted intrusion by outsiders, and they can also be used to form zones, the purpose of which will be different. For this, shrubs and plants with climbing stems are used. Examples of fast growing perennials are:
- Kizil is an unpretentious, shade-tolerant shrub-like plant. It is used to create a hedge from the outside. Leaves and edible fruits are highly decorative. Berries are characterized by a high content of nutrients, so they are widely used in medicine. bush inreaches a height of 2.5 m, blooms for about two weeks, only then the leaves begin to bloom. This period falls on March-April. Prefers open country and neutral soil, although it bears abundant fruit in all conditions.
- Turn is an unpretentious and undemanding plant. Compact bushes reach a height of three meters. Ideal for creating a hedge, it turns out thick and impenetrable. The fruits are edible, they are consumed after they have been in the cold. Used for medicinal purposes. The plant is used to create a hedge. It is especially attractive during flowering plants, which exude an almond scent.
- Clematis - these plants throughout the summer period have a decorative effect. They feel good in open areas, so they are used to create green hedges. Constant dampness due to abundant watering, acidic soil fertilized with manure or peat is not suitable for them. To protect against constant overheating, the soil is mulched with humus.
- Eucalyptus is the fastest growing tree. It is used for landscaping garden areas. Planted as a single copy, surrounded by undersized plants, as well as in group plantings, for example, in hedges. Eucalyptus trees are resistant to drought, undemanding to the composition of the soil.
- Willow - this tree is undersized and dwarfed. It is these species that are used in landscaping. If you cut the trunks, they take on a shrub shape. These plants are decorative at any time of the year.
Wild Perennials
In order for a summer cottage to bring joy, it must be regularly ennobled. Very often, we get rid of wild plants without any regret, because we consider them to be weeds. And in vain, because having surrounded them with a little care, they will respond with gratitude. There are many wild plants that have high decorative and medicinal properties. Examples of wild-growing perennials are given below in the article.
- Mugwort - the beauty of this plant is given by silvery leaves, which can complement and shade flowers in any flower bed with their brilliance. Often used in rock gardens and rockeries.
- Fern is a plant with high decorative qualities that can make any flower bed beautiful. If you plant one of the types of wildflowers next to it, such as bluebells, it will seem that the fern has begun its flowering period.
- Budra - the plant is a wonderful decoration for roadside garden paths. It is used as a ground cover for lawns, where it forms a curly mat.
- Meadow geranium - this plant is used as an addition to garden collections. Grows to lush bushes in fertile soil.
- Bells - plants are meadow and forest. Any of these varieties is a flower bed decoration.
- Daisies - these flowers are familiar to everyone since childhood. They love lots of sun and fertile soil. In the garden, they are planted next to aristocratic flowers. After four years, they are transplanted to another place.
- Tansy - at the plantyellow button flowers and carved leaves. Looks very decorative. Tansy is often used to decorate the garden.
Perennial Seeds
To grow plants in a cycle of several years of life, you need to plant seeds. In perennial plants that germinate in the light, they are not buried in the soil. It is enough to sprinkle with sand on top and put in a room well lit by sunlight. An example of such plants are delphiniums, aquilegia, bluebells, oregano and many others. There are perennials whose seeds germinate in the dark. To do this, they are buried in the ground for two to three centimeters, after which they are placed in a shaded place. Examples of such plants are gypsophila, geraniums, carnations, asters, chrysanthemums, lychnis and others.
