Before you start building a wooden house, you should decide on the material and understand what is required for a satisfactory result. Usually, coniferous wood species are used for the production of timber, among them it is worth highlighting:
- larch;
- cedar;
- pine;
- spruce;
- fir.
In smaller volumes it is made from hardwood, namely:
- aspens;
- birch trees;
- oak.
The main types of timber according to the processing method. Sizes
The dimensions of a wooden beam can be very different, but the defining indicators are the length and section. Among other characteristics, the method of processing should be highlighted. The beam according to this parameter is divided into planed and not planed. The latter is used where surface finish is not important. Depending on what the section is, the material may be called a bar. In this case, the thickness does not exceed 100 mm.
In front of you is a bar ifsize from 100 mm and more. The range of lengths and section parameters is the widest for this type of lumber, and it is limited only by the dimensions of the raw material. Considering the dimensions of a wooden beam, it can be noted that the material from the array often has a cross section of up to 250 mm. If the product is more bulky, then manufacturers try to make it according to individual orders and for specific purposes.
Characteristics and dimensions of glued beams
This beam has reinforcement, glued together by alternating fibers at the board. The material is characterized by high strength in this regard. Another advantage in this case is that glued laminated timber almost does not shrink, because it is made from well-dried wood. When choosing the dimensions of glued beams, you can be sure that the parameters will remain unchanged. The dimensions of the wooden beam in this case are offered to choose from. The cross section can be very different, namely: 150; 210 or 270 mm. Thickness is user selectable. It is unreasonably not worth increasing it, because this can negatively affect the cost of construction, since the price of products is the highest. You should try to find a balance between thickness and material properties.
Considering the dimensions of a wooden beam, you can note that the material can have a rectangular section and is produced depending on the purpose. Wall material, for example, can have parameters from 140 x 160 to 170 x 280 mm. Floor beams can have a height of 85 to 1120 mm. Their maximum width is 260 mm, thenas the minimum value is 95 mm. It should also be mentioned the standard dimensions of a wooden beam, if the lumber is called window lumber. The most common measurements are: 82 x 86 and 82 x 115 mm.
Characteristics and dimensions of profiled timber. Lumber applications
This timber is made of solid wood and can have different profile geometry, namely:
- double;
- Finnish;
- comb-shaped.
If you build a house from profiled timber, it will not need finishing work, in addition, it will be well protected from moisture and cold. Having examined the photo of a wooden beam, you can understand that this material looks quite aesthetically pleasing. Its dimensions are presented in a standard range from 100 x 100 to 200 x 200 mm.
The purpose of the beam determines its thickness. If this value is 100 mm, then you have a lightweight product that goes to the construction of gazebos, outbuildings and verandas. Such a profile copes well with the loads that turn out to be the structures of a country house. It will be possible to use the building in the summer.
If you live in a region with a mild climate, then a 150 mm beam is perfect for you. Such a profile will protect the enclosing structures from freezing. For the construction of a dwelling, a beam of 200 mm in thickness is usually used. Such material is more expensive, but its thermal properties make it possible to build log cabins without additional thermal insulation. For thisprofiled timber is used with dimensions equal to 200 x 150 or 200 x 200 mm.
Government standards and sizes
The dimensions of a wooden bar according to GOST are determined in relation to the length, which lies in the range from 3 to 9 m. The main lengths are from 300 to 600 cm. These parameters are the most optimal for storage, transportation and construction. In some cases, the timber is made to individual sizes and has a maximum length. This usually refers to typical standard profiled timber buildings.
For lumber from different types of wood, its own state standard is defined. For example, softwood materials must comply with GOST 8486-86. Hardwood lumber parameters are regulated by GOST 2695-83.
Rafter beam dimensions
When constructing the roof of private houses, boards are used. Their cross section should be 50 x 150 mm. Such lumber parameters are suitable for roofs of various designs. The distance between the rafter legs is approximately equal to one meter. This step depends on the type of roofing, the amount of snow in winter and the slope of the roof.
The dimensions of the wooden beam for the rafters are as important as the step between them. If the roof slope is more than 45˚, then the distance between the elements can reach 1.4 m. The width of the product for the rafters is selected based on the length of the opening to be blocked. With an increase in the length of the rafter leg, the width of the board increases.
If you need a 6 m rafter, it is made from a 150 mm board. The minimum value in this case is 50 x 150 mm. If the leg length is more than 6 m, the width must be at least 180 mm. The extended leg is made from 150mm cohesive planks. The overlap area should be located as close as possible to the ridge part. The cross section of the rafters will depend on the load on the roof, including the wind load, as well as the weight of the truss structure, the length of the overlapped opening, the angle of inclination of the slope and the width of the house.
Sizes of timber for lag
The dimensions of the beam for the log of a wooden floor are selected individually. The reliability of the design will depend on this. With the length of the lag usually there are no problems. This parameter depends on the laying direction and is usually equal to the width or length of the room. The best option is the length of the timber 3 cm less than this distance.
The lag section is calculated based on the possible load on the surface and the size of the span between the support points. The generally accepted load value is 300 kg/m2. This option is optimal for residential premises. For example, if the span is 2 m, then the lag section is 110 x 60 mm. The maximum value is 220 x 180 mm, which is true for a span of 6 meters.
A variety of timber for filing
Boards can be cut and not cut, but the degree of filing is measured by edges. The bar can be 2-, 3- or 4-edged. The first two sides are log rounded. Two opposite ones are processed. The three-edged beam hasthree treated surfaces, the latter is in its original state. Four-sided timber is processed from all sides and is the most expensive of its kind on the market.
In conclusion
Modern materials have flooded the market. But the good old wooden beam, which is still used for construction to this day, does not lose its relevance. This is due to the fact that it has durability, reliability and an unrivaled look. Initially, a beam is a log that is planed to obtain a certain section. Today, timber is a material that can consist not only of an array, but also of glued layers, mixed sawdust, to which an adhesive composition is added.
