Roof is an element of the roof. It consists of a base and a cover. Roof installation is necessary to protect the house from atmospheric precipitation and mechanical influences.
Roof structure
Any roof structure includes the following elements:
- skat;
- skate;
- crossing slopes (valleys and valleys);
- overhang on eaves and gables;
- drainage system.
The roof consists of a base (sheathing or solid flooring) and a covering (natural materials, polymer, bitumen, sheet metal). It is a complex system that is assembled in several stages and according to certain rules.
Roofing material must meet the following requirements:
- Water resistant.
- Weather resistant.
- Corrosion resistance.
- Beautiful appearance.
- Durability.
The most common coatings are metal tiles and sheet steel.
Installation of metal roofing. Instruction
The roof is mounted on a truss system. The size of the slope is taken as the basis, under which the dimensions of the sheets are adjusted. They may be standard ormade to special order. The optimal dimensions of the sheets are 4-4.5 m. They are convenient to mount and will not tear off the self-tapping screws during temperature deformations. The working width of the sheets is taken 8-12 cm less (taking into account the overlap). Vertical margin is 15 cm.
Laying waterproofing
The roof does not allow precipitation to enter the house and onto the truss system, but moisture constantly condenses under it, from which protection is also needed. When it evaporates, metal corrodes, and wooden structures begin to rot. Therefore, under the roof you need waterproofing and ventilation. In order for the space to be blown from below with air, gaps are made from below and above at the rate of 1/100 of the area of the entire roof.
The film is rolled out horizontally, from bottom to top, with an overlap of 15 cm on a wooden base. It is fastened with a construction stapler. Do not confuse the top and bottom sides of the film. Waterproofing can be profiled to improve ventilation and allow water to flow down.
If thermal insulation is used, then to prevent its saturation with moisture, ventilation is made double-circuit, with gaps of about 50 mm.
How to mount the crate
Under the metal tile use a board 32x100 mm. The initial purlin, passing at the very bottom, is set thicker than the others by the height of the wave. The step depends on the type of metal tile, since its profile may differ. Docking of boards is made on rafters. For greater rigidity of the system, the joints should be alternated.
For the wholethe length of the ridge is nailed on top of the boards, on both sides of the roof. Under the joints of the slopes (valley), near the chimneys and ventilation pipes, a solid base is made.
The crate is taken out to the length of the gable overhangs (about 50 cm). A bar is nailed to them from below - from the eaves to the ridge. An end plate is installed on it, which is connected to the rafters with bars. They hold the filing of the gable overhang.
Frontal boards are nailed to the lower edges of the rafters. Before mounting the coating, install the cornice strip and brackets in increments of 50-60 cm. The roofing material is laid with a ledge from which water must drain into the drain gutter.
Laying metal tiles
A capillary groove is made on the sheets so that moisture does not seep into the vertical overlap zones. The installation of a roof made of metal tiles is carried out so that the groove is inside the wave. Laying sheets start from the side where they do not need to be cut. The methods may be different, but there are the following general rules for all:
- self-tapping screws are screwed into the deflections of the wave, where the sheets fit snugly against the crate;
- near the end board, the metal tile is attached to each transverse profile;
- vertical overlap is connected with self-tapping screws at the decline of the wave;
- sheets are attracted to each purlin.
Laying in several rows is done ta6
- The 1st sheet is laid from right to left, aligning along the end and cornice.
- The next one is applied on top and temporarily fixed in the center from above.
- Level sheets and fasten togetherself-tapping screws.
- The whole row is laid out in the same way, and then the final fixing of the metal tile is made.
Single-row installation from eaves to ridge.
Complex connections
For marking in the valleys, a hinged "parallelogram" of boards is used. A metal tile for cutting is laid on a coated roof. One vertical board should be located in the valley, and parallel to it - on a loose sheet. A line is drawn along it, along which cropping is done. Coatings on oblique ridges are prepared similarly.
The joints of the slopes are made in the same way. Lower valleys are laid from below, and on them - a metal tile. Upper valleys are placed on top. A porous water-repellent sealant is placed under them so that moisture does not seep from the outside.
The chimney is closed with junction strips matched in color to the metal tile. With the upper part they are wound into a strobe, sawn by a grinder in the laying of the pipe, and the lower part - to the crate. From the inside, waterproofing is glued to the chimney with adhesive tape and wrapped with Ecobit film. The outer "apron" performs a decorative function and fits around the pipe.
After the installation of the roof, the instruction provides for its grounding in case lightning does not strike the lightning rod, but the roof of the house.
How much does the installation cost?
The cost of installing a roof by specialists is high, but the quality will be much higher than doingit's on its own. Especially the services of professionals should be used for finishing the exits through the roof and, if necessary, the use of special tools.
Prices for roof installation are always too high and amount to 2.5-3 thousand rubles/m2. When concluding a contract, it is advisable to discuss each operation to the smallest detail. Then the cost can be reduced to 1.8-2 thousand rubles/m2.
Seam roof. Installation instructions
Roofing sheets are connected with folds. The main materials are steel, aluminum, copper. The copper plating looks especially beautiful.
Roof elements are called paintings. The edges of the strips along the slope are made standing, and the horizontal ones are lying. Folding devices can be manual or electromechanical.
Advantages of seam roofing:
- flatness of the surface to facilitate the removal of precipitation;
- light design;
- plasticity of the material, allowing you to create a complex shape of the coating;
- ease of roof repair.
The disadvantages include the ease of plastic deformation and the need for a special tool for rolling seams. Some designs are self-latching, where the edges are joined by a simple push. The cover can be removed in the same way.
Seam roofing is used with a slope of at least 14º. At smaller angles of inclination (from 7º), only a double seam connection withsilicone sealant.
The base is made solid or in the form of a crate. The roof should not be allowed to sag. In areas where the coating is adjacent to pipes, walls and eaves, the base must be made solid. The roof can be mounted directly on the insulation layer.
Waterproofing is done in the same way as when laying metal tiles. It is laid on top of the rafters and fixed with a stapler, placing gaskets under the brackets to increase the strength of the connection. To create a uniform ventilation gap, the film is supported by slats, and the overlap is fixed on a solid base.
Traditionally, the installation of the roof is as follows.
- According to the drawing, blanks are cut out of sheet metal and the edges are bent.
- The paintings are stacked on the roof and connected to each other.
- The cover is attached to the crate with clamps, which are included at one end in the fold.
- All exits to the roof are covered with aprons.
Rolled material spreads over the entire length of the roof. This roof installation technology has the advantage that horizontal connections are not required. The result is a more airtight roof.
Conclusion
Roof construction requires certain skills, especially when seam roofing is being done. Installation, instructions for it, the availability of all tools and components - this is not all that determines the quality of the roof. Each production has its own technological features, whichaccumulate with experience and need to be known.
Do-it-yourself roof installation is always a problem, especially in terms of tightness. Many roofs leak from precipitation even if they are built by experts. Therefore, you should carefully weigh your options so that you do not have to redo the coating again.
If you do the work yourself, without resorting to the services of professionals, you can use better and more expensive materials that increase the reliability of the roof. It is advisable to pre-practice on the construction of the roof of less critical objects, such as a barn.
