Electric heaters are devices that can convert current into heat energy. In everyday life, we encounter them all the time, and this category includes not only means for heating, but all existing household items. These are kettles, and stoves, and hair dryers, and much more. The basis of such devices is a heating element.
The use of all these items is associated with increased attention. Electric heaters must be operated in accordance with fire safety regulations.
Groups by Purpose
Depending on the scope of their application, electric heaters are divided into the following groups:
- for heating people;
- electric heating type tools;
- for cooking and heating food;
- for ironing;
- for space heating;
- for heatingwater.
Types of structures
Devices of this type have their own classification, which is described in detail in the existing GOST standards. However, despite this, in practice it is not used so often. Sometimes it is very difficult to divide electric heaters into one or another type, since a lot of them have appeared in recent years.
Below, we will consider the division of these items depending on the type of their designs:
- open heating elements;
- closed;
- hermetically sealed.
This version of the classification of devices characterizes them quite well in terms of technical, but does not make it clear exactly how they should be used. We discussed the use of electric heaters for their intended purpose a little higher. And below we will consider another system for their separation.
Devices depending on the heating product
According to this classification, electrical appliances are divided into water heaters and air heaters.
But it will also not be completely complete, because some equipment is difficult to attribute to the first or second group. For example, microwave or electric ovens. Therefore, the first classification is the most accurate, where electric heaters are classified according to their purpose.
Heating features
This method of heating appliances has a number of visible advantages over others. In particular, with gas orusing solid or liquid fuels. First of all, it is able to improve the conditions for people to stay in the place of its application.
Electric heaters for space heating are not explosive, unlike gas ones, and do not leave behind harmful emissions that may pose a potential hazard to human he alth.
In addition, these devices have the following advantages over analogues of other origin:
- high power;
- ease of use;
- high efficiency (over 95 percent in some cases) and much more.
Household electric heaters are equipped with infrared type, high resistance or high frequency heating.
Products for cooking
Compared to other cooking utensils, those that work with high-frequency heating do it much faster. The dishes themselves do not lose their nutritional qualities from this, their burning is excluded, it will be easier to wash the dishes. In addition, microwave ovens do not radiate heat into the environment, which is very important when the kitchen is very hot.
Electric heaters for cooking and reheating food are divided into the following categories:
- general products;
- for frying, baking and stewing;
- for cooking;
- for drinks.
Onhow to cook food
You can cook and heat different types of dishes using microwave ovens, floor and portable appliances, food warmers, as well as special devices for heating baby food.
To boil something or make drinks, commonly used:
- dummies;
- coffee pots and coffee makers;
- samovars and more.
Teapots can have a body made of aluminum, plastic or brass. The heater is most often tubular and placed inside. For better heat transfer, it can be pressed with a disk or screw to the inner bottom.
The coffee pot is slightly different in shape, it is also equipped with a special geyser. The heating element is located in the double bottom of the device. But the coffee maker is designed to prepare drinks under pressure. It includes two vessels. One is for boiling water, and the second is for collecting the finished drink. Water is heated and pressurized through coffee from one vessel to another.
Samovars are practically not used now, most often they are a decorative element of the interior in the national style. They have a traditional shape and are made from brass.
Household products
All kinds of household items that we use, if not daily, then quite often, fall under the category of electric heaters.
In particular, ironing products such as special machines and electric irons. Widely used devicesheating water, these are both immersion boilers, and water heaters of the flow and storage type.
Heating elements include devices for welding and burning, vulcanizers, soldering irons and much more. Also, household appliances are used for drying hair (hair dryers) and for laundry (dryers, coasters, special sliding curtains).
Protection classes
Fire safety must be observed during the operation of electric heaters. When using them, you need to know which protection class each product belongs to:
- zero - devices equipped with working insulation, with no additional protective equipment;
- zero one - products equipped with such insulation and connected to the ground loop with non-current-carrying metal parts;
- first - there is an additional connection with conductive parts, so that if the insulation is damaged, these parts will not be energized;
- second - there is no protective connection here, but there is double insulation; housing made of non-conductive material;
- third class - the product has a low-voltage power supply, is extremely rare.
Requirements for operation and installation
Contacts with this type of equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of special regulations. This applies to its design, installation and commissioning. And it's not just about the household products themselves.destination, but also about electrical networks and installations.
You should also periodically monitor their technical condition. It is necessary to follow the rules for the operation of electric heaters. For example, in rooms where there is no person on duty during non-working hours, they should be de-energized. The only exceptions are basic lighting, fire protection installations and burglar alarms.
If we talk about residential premises, then products can be left energized if the instruction allows it or this is their purpose.
Do not lay and use overhead transmission lines near combustible roofs or sheds, as well as warehouses with explosive substances and products.
Fire safety requirements
To prevent fires, observe the following rules:
- do not use power receivers in places and conditions that do not meet the requirements of the instructions from their manufacturers;
- do not use defective products that may cause a fire;
- do not use wires and cables with damaged or unprotected insulation;
- broken sockets, circuit breakers and other products cannot be used for their intended purpose;
- do not wrap lamps and fixtures with paper, fabric bandages and other combustible materials, it is forbidden to use light sources without caps if they are provided for by their design;
- it is forbidden to use tiles, irons, kettles and other electric heatingappliances, if they do not have thermal protection and stands based on heat-insulating non-combustible materials that can prevent fire;
- do not use homemade devices, uncalibrated fuse links and other non-standard short circuit protection products;
- do not place or store combustible and flammable substances and products near shields, engines and starting equipment;
- if the room is explosive, then you can not use all kinds of household appliances in it.
However, not always knowledge of fire safety rules can protect against fire. Naturally, all electrical appliances must be used in accordance with existing requirements in order to prevent damage to property and more serious consequences.
If a fire does occur, then it can be stopped in time by calling the fire department at numbers 01 or 010. There is also an emergency number 112, which can be called even from a mobile phone when there are no funds and even in the absence of a SIM card.
However, it is better not to allow such situations. To do this, when buying a particular product, carefully study its instructions so as not to purchase a defective product. Remember that the use of electric heaters should not lead to unpleasant consequences, but to be beneficial.
