Organization of the operation of a boiler plant requires the implementation of a whole range of design and installation activities. Specialists take into account a wide range of initial data, after which they develop a technical solution for specific operating conditions of the equipment. Next, the installation of the boiler house is carried out by placing, connecting and configuring the units recommended for use by the designers. Now it’s worth taking a closer look at the sequence and nuances of performing such work.
Preparing the master plan for the boiler room
At this stage, a specific territory is allocated with a plot for placing a boiler house. The choice of location is made based on the requirements of the development plan of the city, town or rural settlement - depending on the area where it is planned to build a boiler house. Heat supply schemes, engineering and technological units of other communications, as well as transport access routes are also taken into account. Especially to supply the facility with the necessary resources and materials, the plan must provide for the passage of road or rail transport.
On the very territory of the facility there are pre-assembly sites,warehouses, as well as other technical and economic facilities. Often, the installation of a boiler house involves the temporary placement of buildings for the maintenance of complete elements of equipment or premises. For example, if we are talking about a modular configuration, then the boiler room will be formed by prefabricated frame parts, for which a storage place should be provided for the duration of construction activities.
Space-planning design
The design of an object is designed in accordance with a certain set of rules and requirements. Specialists develop the layout of structures and buildings of the boiler house, guided by the principles of economy, rationality, reliability and safety. At the same time, the rules prescribe the need to follow stylistic accuracy - finishing materials, for example, must match the texture and design of the surrounding composition. The layout is carried out in such a way that office and household premises can be placed in the building. From the point of view of ensuring safety, the construction and installation of boiler houses is carried out taking into account the possibility of placing air-thermal curtains and vestibules. The possibility of expanding the area of the boiler room, mounting openings for the integration of large-block equipment, etc. should not be excluded.
Above the boilers themselves, neither attic floors nor other premises can be placed. But the organization of a boiler room on the roof is quite acceptable. The main thing is that the technological zone with the working equipment should be separated from the lowerrooms with a fireproof partition. In addition, installation of a rooftop boiler house cannot be carried out at production facilities if processing or containment of explosive or flammable substances is carried out on the lower floor. There are also universal requirements for the choice of equipment for such boiler houses - the units must provide a steam pressure of no more than 0.07 MPa with a water temperature in the presence of a boiler up to 115 ° С.
Development of fire safety system
Calculation and drawing up a plan for the placement of fire-fighting equipment is carried out depending on the type of future boiler house. For example, detached premises and block-modular objects must be equipped with fire safety systems in accordance with I and II fire resistance categories. Further, depending on the technological processes of generation and distribution of the thermal resource, this degree can increase to IV.
Most often, designers take into account the structural parameters of the structure, on which fire threats largely depend. So, if a warehouse with solid fuel materials is located in the same building as the boiler room, then the latter must be separated by a refractory wall of the 1st type, which corresponds to the fire resistance limit REI 150. that the area of easily resettable protection elements should be at least 0.03 m. That is, this zone should be released during operation. Alsoprovides for the placement of fire alarms, automatic fire extinguishing systems, hydrants, etc.
Selection of boiler plants
Regardless of the layout and components of the boiler complex, heating equipment will act as its functional basis. Installations with water heating, steam water heating and steam units can be used. The choice of a specific solution is determined by the needs of the consumer. For example, the installation of a boiler house in private homes is increasingly being carried out according to the concept of boiler plants, which, together with thermal energy, provide hot water supply (DHW).
A more detailed calculation of the parameters of specific equipment is made on the basis of performance indicators, efficiency, hydro- and aerodynamic resistance. Restrictions can be set on the same parameters. Thus, the installation of a rooftop boiler house provides for the use of installations with a thermal power of up to 5 MW. Facilities with steam units with a capacity of more than 10 MW should also include independent energy sources (autonomous turbine generators) with a voltage of about 0.4 kV in the infrastructure.
Designing a gas-air path
When the characteristics of the buildings and structures of the boiler complex, as well as the type of equipment, are determined, the gas-air path is being designed. This is a technological infrastructure inside the boiler house, which ensures the removal of processed combustion products. This system provides for draftdevices in the form of smoke exhausters and fan systems, due to which the process of exhaust gases is optimized. At the same stage, a scheme is calculated according to which the pipes of the boiler room will be installed, through the pipes connected to the engineering system of the building and to the chimney. Especially for boiler houses, the equipment of which operates under pressurization of burner mechanisms, the draft fan is selected according to the calculations of the pressure of the outlet flue gases - that is, the maximum pressure and emission capacity are determined.
Installation work
Installation of equipment and arrangement of auxiliary devices is carried out after the construction of the premises has been completed in accordance with the project. The units can be placed on the wall or on the floor. Depending on the operating conditions of the facility, a set of materials and engineering structures is determined, on the basis of which construction and installation will be carried out. Designing boiler houses on a modular basis allows you to assemble individual functional blocks into special sections. It turns out a prefabricated complex, the components of which can be changed during operation.
Features of installing gas boilers
Certain installation rules may be adjusted depending on the type of boiler. The most demanding in this regard is the installation of gas boilers. The installation steps in this case may look like this:
- Equipment is being placed in compliance with the rules of the firesecurity.
- Installation in progress on a screed foundation base.
- To maintain the required gas pressure, the boiler is supplemented with a gas control unit, which can be located on the same platform with the main equipment.
- Away from the boiler is a gas supply infrastructure with an automated control system.
- Fire-extinguishing installations are installed in the room, to which supply channels are supplied with material suitable for extinguishing a particular type of gas.
Integration of safety devices
Both gas, and solid fuel, and electric boilers require the inclusion of protection systems in the complex. In particular, lever-load valves, hydraulic locks, electrical protective systems, ejection devices and a wide range of sensors that detect fuel leaks, smoke and other factors indicating a unit malfunction are used. In addition, the installation of a modular boiler room provides for the connection of automated devices operating through a single controller. That is, the control of the boiler and its modes of operation can be carried out from a computer that also processes information from ventilation units, temperature sensors and other engineering equipment.
In conclusion
Development of the project and installation of boiler houses is a responsible task that requires careful preparation and high qualification of performers. Accordingly, the cost of installing a boiler room cannot be calledmodest - for example, an object with a thermal power of 1 MW can cost 200-300 thousand rubles. With the cost of equipment and turnkey construction work, the price tag can rise to several million. But to this it is worth adding the implementation of commissioning activities, which also cost at least 100 thousand, if we are talking about full-fledged high-performance boilers.
