Fluorescent lamps are gas-discharge devices that run on mercury vapor. Visible light comes from luminographs. Fluorescent lamps are often installed in office spaces. They can also be found in schools and kindergartens. The advantages of the models include high light output and long service life. It is also important to note that devices with a variety of shades are on the market.
However, the models have drawbacks. This is primarily a chemical hazard as the devices contain mercury. In this case, the light is not very pleasing to the human eye. Utilization of fluorescent lamps can only be carried out at special enterprises. It is also important to mention the line spectrum. After a while, the light output of the lamp may drop significantly.
Model device
A fluorescent lamp consists of two or three electrodes. They are connected to each other with a choke. The light from fluorescent lamps comes from luminographs. As a rule, they are used rare earth type with winding. Plinths are available in various diameters. Glass tubes are installed with a ring. For workfluorescent lamp requires a starter. Also, in large rooms, they are switched on through special ballasts.
Types of lamps
Today, there are various types of fluorescent lamps. First of all, modifications of low and high pressure are distinguished. Also, the division is carried out according to the type of socles. Lamps of the E14 and E27 series are produced. Another division of devices occurs in terms of power. The specified parameter ranges from 5 W to 40 W. Depending on the color rendering, many lamps are produced. In order to understand this issue in more detail, it is necessary to consider specific markings.
Low pressure devices
These types of fluorescent lamps are often used for lighting garages. In this case, there are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. The power of the models ranges from 5 to 10 watts. Mercury is used in small quantities. Luminographs are installed only rare earth type. A glass tube is attached to the cartridge. It may vary in diameter. The protective layer is missing in many models.
The light output of devices depends on the power of the fluorescent lamp. Many consumers install modifications in office space. The devices on the market are mainly with E14 socles. They require choke type starters to operate. The minimum allowable temperature of the models does not exceed -15 degrees. Thus, it is not advisable to use them in open areas.
High pressure modifications
Daylight lamps of this type are valued for their high color flux. The service life of some models is 15 thousand hours. There are many devices with three electrodes on the market. Luminographs are mainly used with winding. Directly tubes are used with protective rings. The diameter of fluorescent lamps may vary.
The protective layer is often used phosphor type. Plinths are used both with E14 and E27 markings. Lamp (fluorescent) 36W high pressure withstands a minimum temperature of -20 degrees. The operation of the cathode largely depends on the color rendering of the model. The ignition time of this type of lamp does not exceed three seconds.
Device with E14 cartridges
These types of fluorescent lamps are in demand at industrial facilities. The power of the models is on average 15 watts. There are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. Fluorescent lamps differ in compactness. In this case, only the rare earth type is suitable for the luminograph. The case itself is made of glass.
Mercury is located near the anode. The operation of the starter depends on the stability of the network. The minimum allowable temperature for fluorescent lamps is -15 degrees. Plinths are often installed in the pin type. The maximum allowable temperature of these fluorescent lamps is +45 degrees. Ignition time averages five seconds. It is also important to note that the limiting pressure does not exceed 130 Pa. Protective layer in many lampsmissing.
Models with E27 cartridges
Specified lighting lamps (fluorescent) are great for schools and kindergartens. Modifications are made mainly with two electrodes. Direct connection is carried out through chokes of various conductivity. Luminographs are installed under cartridges. Plinths are used only pin type. The luminous flux, as a rule, does not exceed 200 lm. The mercury consumption of the models is quite high.
It is also important to note that there are many double coated fluorescent lamps on the market. Starters are often used throttle type. The fluorescent lamp E27 allows a minimum temperature of -15 degrees. The average ignition time is three seconds. The service life of models fluctuates around 10 thousand hours. However, in this case, much depends on the manufacturer.
18W devices
Lamp (fluorescent) 18W suitable for garages and warehouses. There are many models with two electrodes on the market. Their mercury consumption is negligible. In this case, only rare-earth type luminographs will be used. The base is of the pin type. Starters are used to operate fluorescent lamps. Also on the market are sold special ballasts for models. However, it is important to note that they are quite expensive. The service life of models in this case depends on many factors. Ignition time averages four seconds.
The operation of the cathode is closely related to the luminograph. In severe frosts, turning on fluorescent lamps is prohibited. Protectivethe layer in many models is made of phosphorus. Throttle starters are used quite often. The maximum allowable temperature of fluorescent lamps fluctuates around -35 degrees. It is also important to note that there are modifications with inductors on the market. They are installed selenoid type. A distinctive feature of the modifications can be called a long service life. However, they have a very small consumption of mercury. The minimum fluorescent frequency is 25 kHz. Models differ in color rendering parameter.
20W Models
These types of fluorescent lamps are in high demand. First of all, it should be noted that the models are used for office space. The base is most often installed with the marking E14. The minimum allowable temperature of the models is -14 degrees. Glass tubes are produced in various diameters. Ignition time averages three seconds.
The maximum allowable temperature for fluorescent lamps is 45 degrees. Inductors for 20 W fluorescent lamps are rarely installed. The mains voltage of the models is 220 V. The devices will not withstand large overloads. The minimum frequency of fluorescent lamps is at around 20 kHz. The average current strength is 0.4 A. The protective layer is missing in many models.
Using 40W bulbs
The lamp (fluorescent) 40 W is suitable for large rooms. Devices with different colors are admitted. The service life of models is on average 15 thousand hours. The market usually sellsdevices with two electrodes. It is also important to note that only throttle type starters are used. Socles are installed in the E 27 series. The luminous flux of the modification does not exceed 230 lm. The consumption of mercury depends on the parameters of the luminograph and the size of the fluorescent lamp. The glass tube is directly filled with a mixture of argon and krypton.
The protective layer is often used of the phosphor type. The light output of the models is 300 lm / W. Shells are used only closed type. The minimum frequency of the models is 23 kHz. The devices operate from a network with a voltage of 220 V. Inductors are used only of the toroidal type. The minimum allowable temperature, as a rule, does not exceed -20 degrees. Amalgam is not used in the production of these fluorescent lamps. They are able to withstand the ultimate pressure of 130 Pa.
Garage models
Fluorescent mercury-containing lamps for garages are available in various capacities. Models with two and three electrodes are sold on the market. Glass tubes are used with ferrite rings. Devices work from throttle starters. The mercury consumption depended on the parameters of the luminograph. The luminous flux on average does not exceed 400 lm. The service life of these lamps is 13 thousand hours.
It is also important to note that the devices can be powered by ballasts. However, they are quite expensive. The protective layer is often used of the phosphor type. Remote starters are not suitable for models. The minimum frequency does not exceed 20 kHz. Shells are used only of the closed type.
Devices for kitchenpremises
Fluorescent mercury-containing lamps for kitchens are made in various capacities. There are many modifications with protective layers on the market. Devices vary in color. The base is of the pin type. Devices work from remote and throttle starters. In this case, ballasts are used very rarely. On average, the power of models is 15 watts. The maximum pressure is not able to withstand at the level of 120 Pa. The luminous flux of such modifications does not exceed 330 lm.
The limit frequency setting depends on the inductor. It is used most often of the toroidal type. The minimum allowable temperature is -20 degrees. Built-in starters for fluorescent lamps are not suitable. The ignition time of models ranges from three to ten seconds. Luminographs are used rare earth type. The mercury consumption of the models is negligible. Directly the glass flask in the devices is filled, as a rule, with argon. However, in some cases, krypton is used for this purpose. Phosphates are not suitable in this case.
Models for backlighting advertising structures
Fluorescent lamps for advertising lights have a high luminous efficiency. The specified indicator, as a rule, is 120 lm / W. Devices with two electrodes are installed. Luminographs in this case are suitable only with windings. Directly socles are used screw type. Models work from ballasts. However, if we consider low-power models, then remote-type starters are suitable for them.
Three-component layer makes it possible to use fluorescent lamps in any weather. Built-in starters for devices are not uniquely suitable. The minimum allowable temperature is no more than -30 degrees. The average ignition time is as long as ten seconds. However, the minimum frequency is 26 kHz. Devices with toroidal type inductors are rare. Recycling of fluorescent lamps can only be carried out at special enterprises.
Lamps for office space
Fluorescent lamps for office space are made of high power. Cartridges for them are suitable only for pin type. Mercury consumption in this case depends on many factors. In particular, the type of luminograph should be considered. Some companies produce only rare earth counterparts. The permissibility of such models is quite high. Plinths are used with marking E14 and E27.
Three-component layer allows the use of models in different weather. Choke starters are well suited for these fluorescent lamps. Ignition time averages four minutes. The minimum frequency of the devices is 23 kHz. Remote starters are rare on the market. It is also important to note that the luminous flux depends on the power of the model. Glass tubes in this case are made exclusively with clamping rings.
Home devices
Fluorescent lamps for the home are made with inductors. There are many models of different capacities on the market. For convenience, ammomade of pin type. Shells are normally used closed type. The maximum allowable temperature for fluorescent lamps is -30 degrees. Ignition time does not exceed ten seconds. The operation of the cathode in this case depends on the luminograph. Winding modifications are rare. As a rule, remote starters are not installed on this type of fluorescent lamps.
Bathroom Modifications
Fluorescent lamps of this type are produced only with toroidal inductors. There are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. Their mercury consumption is negligible. It is also important to note that the models are made with conventional glass tubes. Luminographs are used rare earth type. The minimum frequency is 34 kHz.
Remote starters are not suitable for models. Most often you can find throttle counterparts. Their luminous efficiency is 230 lm / W. Argon is used directly in the tube. Some fluorescent lamps have a protective phosphor layer. The maximum allowable temperature is 40 degrees.
Exterior Lighting Devices
Outdoor fluorescent lamps are rare on the market. They are able to withstand the ultimate pressure at the level of 350 Pa. It is also important to note that there are modifications with two and three electrodes. If we consider the first option, then they use rare earth luminographs. In this case, the consumption of mercury is negligible. The base is most often used in the E14 series.
If we consider modifications to threeelectrode, they are characterized by increased resistance to frost. Their minimum frequency parameter is 23 kHz. The shell is applied closed type. The work of the cathode is closely related to the light output. The protective layer is often made of phosphorus.
Modifications for museums
Museum fluorescent lamps are available in 13W and 16W. Their base is of the pin type. As a rule, modifications with two electrodes are presented on the market. They can withstand pressure up to 100 Pa. Directly in the tubes is argon gas. The service life of such models is very long. The minimum allowable temperature does not exceed -10 degrees. Starters for devices are selected remote type. Inductors are rarely used. It is also important to note that fluorescent lamps of this type are produced with a two-layer protective coating.
Models marked 530
Daylight lamps 530 are made with choke electrodes. Their luminous flux is at around 200 lm. The luminograph itself is used with a winding. The tube in this case is used with a small diameter. The mercury consumption of the model is low. The maximum pressure of the device is maintained at 130 Pa directly. The light output of the modification is 150 lm / W. The base in this case is provided for class E14. The maximum allowable temperature is 45 gr. For storage areas, these lamps are well suited.
Lamps 640
The lamp (fluorescent) 640 is made with rare earthluminograph. In this case, two electrodes are used. There is not much mercury directly. The base is provided with a pin type. This fluorescent lamp works from a remote starter. Starters are rarely used. It is also important to note that the model has an inductor. Suitable for garages and warehouses. However, 10 W is not enough for schools and kindergartens.
Using lamps marked 765
Marked as 765 fluorescent lamp suitable for living spaces. The power of the models is 13 watts. In this case, the tubes are filled with argon. In total, the model has two electrodes. The luminograph itself is used with a winding. The plinth is provided for class E14. The mercury consumption of the model is quite large. Two-layer coating is used to protect the tube.
The service life of the specified fluorescent lamp is 15 thousand hours. The starter for the operation of the device will require a throttle type. The maximum allowable temperature is 45 degrees. The shell is of closed type. The modification is connected through a pin-type cartridge.
Lamps 840
840 fluorescent lamps are manufactured with a frequency of 23 kHz. They work from a network with a voltage of 220 V. However, a choke starter is required to turn on a fluorescent lamp. The luminous efficiency of this model is 210 lm/W. The power parameter is 24 W.
The luminograph is used with winding. The luminous flux of the specified fluorescent lamp is 240 lm. The mercury consumption of the model is small. The service life is, as a rule, 13 thousand hours. Remote starter for the model will not work. The inductor in the presented fluorescent lamp is not provided.
