Refractory material is always mineral based. During the use of building or industrial refractory materials, as well as during long-term operation, no changes occur in their structure. It is for this reason that "refractory" is often used in various fields of activity, having confidence that the design will turn out to be reliable and durable.
Properties of refractory materials
The presented materials are used in daily life in many areas. The refractory material is used in a variety of metallurgical processes. These include melting, annealing, roasting, evaporation and distillation. Also, do not forget that the presented materials retain their original properties even when processed at high temperatures.
Refractories that were previously used in production and require reprocessing are called scrap. Such materials are most often recycled to create a new product. It is the refractory material that differs from others in its increased strength at high temperatures, as well as chemicalinertia. In terms of composition, the materials shown are ceramic blends of refractory oxide, silicate, carbide, nitride, and boride.
Classification of refractories by shape and size
Refractory material can be classified according to the following shapes and common sizes:
- Normal size wedge refractories.
- Direct materials in small and large formats.
- Simple shaped.
- Especially difficult.
- Large block materials that weigh more than 60 kilograms.
- Special refractories for laboratory or industrial use. This includes tubes, crucibles.
Classification of refractories according to the method of formation
It is possible to distinguish the main types of refractory materials according to the method of formation:
- Hot pressing materials.
- Thermoplastic pressed.
- Cast fused refractories from the melt, which are obtained by electric melting.
- Semi-dry forming materials obtained from powder.
- Plastically molded refractories that are made with a special mass in a plastic state. For these purposes, special machine molding and subsequent repressing are used.
- Cast refractories, which are obtained by casting from liquid slip, as well as foam slip.
- Sawn refractories made from natural rock or pre-made blocks.
What to use for equipmentoven?
Kiln refractory material is a great option that can be used in construction. All this became possible due to the unique complex of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. The presented material is able to withstand high temperatures, and most importantly, even in case of fire, it will not melt or change its shape.
For the construction of the furnace, you can use highly refractory materials of the highest performance. According to their properties, they have low porosity. A specially designed technology is used during production, so the refractory material for the furnace is able to withstand high temperature conditions.
The manufacturing process begins with obtaining a powder that has a certain particle size distribution. These unique properties can provide a slight volume reduction during processing.
Advantages and applications of fireproof drywall
Refractory sheet materials are used most often for construction. Today, refractory drywall is in great demand, which is a double sheet of cardboard and gypsum filler. During production, a sufficiently dense and maximally elastic construction cardboard is used, which includes a large number of layers.
Also, do not forget about a certain technology for manufacturing a heat-resistant gypsum core. Fireproof Drywall Sheetcan be used for a variety of industrial premises, where there is a characteristic unstable level of humidity, and elevated temperatures have also been recorded. Refractory sheeting and fire resistant drywall have many advantages:
- Improved fire resistance.
- Excellent soundproofing performance, especially when drywall is used in combination with other special building materials.
- Low cost, easy installation as well as ease of use.
- Small dimensions of fire-resistant boards, which exactly match the dimensions of a standard type sheet. It is these possibilities that allow, if necessary, to combine them in one room.
- Minimum indicators of the level of acidity.
What are refractory wall materials?
Refractory materials for walls are presented in a large assortment. Refractory concrete, which is an excellent and safe material, is in particular demand. It is able to withstand high temperatures.
This product has a total porosity of 45 percent or more. At the same time, its main purpose is to be used as thermal insulation. Cement is a fine unshaped refractory material that tends to harden after mixing powder and liquid. Increasingly, people are buying just such building mixtures.
Recently, other refractory materials for walls have appeared on the construction market,for example, concrete mass, coating material, concrete mix and many others.
How are refractory materials produced?
The production process of flame retardant materials begins with the careful preparation of the necessary raw materials. Production workers manually select all kinds of impurities. The next step is grinding, sieving, and preparing the mixture. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to a strict dosage of all components.
The most important part of the manufacturing process is shaping, drying, firing, and selection. In any case, the production of refractory materials must begin with the selection of the optimum raw material. It must be enriched and crushed. It should be noted that there are two types of raw materials - natural and artificial, which is selected in accordance with the compatibility of chemical and mineralogical compositions. Particular attention is paid to the structure of raw materials for further production.
Refractory brick for sauna construction
At the construction planning stage, it is necessary to carefully select refractory materials for the bath. In no case should they expand during strong heating, as well as deform. As an example, we can cite the fact that metal during the laying of the furnace is used only in strictly designated places. That is, where its ability to expand will not affect the strength of the entire structure.
During construction, everyone should remember that ordinary clay red bricks will not be able to withstandfairly high temperatures. They will melt and eventually crumble. That is why all places that are more or less exposed to high temperatures should be lined exclusively with refractory bricks.
A large number of people are aware of the unique properties of refractory materials that can withstand even maximum heat. Refractory brick has a yellowish-sand color and a granular structure. On the market, it is presented in a rectangular and wedge-shaped form. That is, they distinguish between end and rib bricks.
The presented brick is placed exclusively on the mortar, which is a mixture of fireclay and refractory clay. All seams, consisting of mortar, are also able to withstand high temperature conditions (up to 1700 degrees Celsius). Over time, they will not crumble and succumb to deformation.
Classification of refractory materials by porosity
The material has its own porosity, so each type was assigned a special classification:
- Special density includes open porosity up to 3 percent.
- High density rates - up to 10 percent.
- Dense materials have open porosity up to 16 percent.
Next you can highlight:
- Compacted.
- Medium weight fabrics.
- Low density.
- Products with high porosity.
- Ultraporous materials.
Production Features
Processthe molding of the presented materials is carried out using the method of semi-dry or hot pressing. For work, plastic molding, casting, vibrocasting, as well as sawing can be used. Blocks or rocks are pre-prepared for work.
In the process of making light weight refractory materials, manufacturers use gas injection, burnout additives and many other methods. Unshaped materials are most often hardened by introducing a mineral or organic binder. It is possible to single out the nature of heat treatment - these are fired materials and non-fired ones. It should be noted that the total heat treatment temperature of non-fired material should not exceed 600 degrees Celsius. If further firing is required, then it is necessary to combine the heating of the thermal unit where this or that material is used.
For fired refractory material, the total processing temperature should be more than 600 degrees Celsius. Only in this way can all the necessary physical and chemical properties be achieved.
