The concentration of various elements in the soil directly depends on the amount of bacteria in it. The lack of the latter can lead to improper development and growth retardation. To eliminate this problem, bacterial fertilizers are used. Their use is considered the most harmless type of top dressing.
Bacterial fertilizers are microbiological inoculants. They can significantly improve the nutrition of all plants. They do not contain any nutritional ingredients. Getting into the soil, these substances contribute to an increase in biochemical processes. Organic and bacterial fertilizers improve plant nutrition.
Characteristic, basic properties
Bacteria are microorganisms that lack a nucleus (prokaryotes). They are present everywhere in our life. They live in domains. Everyone knows that life on our planet began with bacteria. They accompany us to this day throughout our lives, helping us and killing us.
Bacteriatake an active part in the circulation of substances in our world. Thanks to these microorganisms, the balance in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide is maintained, for example. But bacteria have caused the deaths of many people. After all, epidemic diseases are also caused by bacteria. Doctors were able to cope with cholera, typhoid, smallpox. A person has coped with the negative impact of bacteria and continues to direct their power to his own advantage. Thanks to biotechnology, we can use various beneficial bacteria for good purposes
Types of bacterial fertilizers
Today, manufacturers offer a number of different fertilizers. They can be purchased almost everywhere, for example, in the company "Inbiofit". Bacterial fertilizer contains live cultures. They are used to fertilize seeds, often applied directly to the ground. All bioinoculants can be divided into groups:
- phytostimulants;
- biofertilizers;
- bioprotection;
- mycorrhizal inoculants.
Phytostimulants are preparations containing bacteria that stimulate the active growth of a plant. Phytohormones allow for a minimum period of time to accelerate the growth of the plant. Not only the root system is being formed, but also the aerial part.
Biofertilizers. Most often, this word means bacterial fertilizers from nodule bacteria. They contribute to better absorption of organic and mineral compounds of magnesium, iron, phosphorus, zinc and calcium.
Means of biosecurity are used as a preventive measure against various infectious diseases. They contain bacteriawith pronounced antagonistic properties. This type of bacterial fertilizer is especially effective against seed infections: durum corn bunt, wheat bunt.
These diseases are transmitted mainly through seeds. Sometimes air currents can cause infection. Such bioprotection agents make it possible to actively fight against some pathogens of soil infections: sugar beet root beetle, Fusarium, southern, Helminthosporium and sclerocial rot of legumes and grain crops.
Mycorrhizal inoculants consist of fungi that have a mycelium at their base. This is an extensive network of threads. It allows you to significantly increase the suction area of the root system. Such fertilizers allow plants to significantly increase the consumption of water and minerals from the soil.
Today, bacterial fertilizers and biofertilizers are actively used in the household.
Fertilizers from nodule bacteria
Relatively recently began to use bacterial fertilizers. For the first time, their positive effect on legumes was discovered. Their action is to form special tubers on the roots. This interaction is called symbiosis.
The mutual benefit of bacteria and plants lies in the fact that the former actively consume nitrogen from the air, which is later transferred to green plantings. Plants provide the bacteria with essential nutrients. To date, humanity has become accustomed to independentlycreate bacterial fertilizers. "Inbiofit" offers a wide range of this category of products.
Currently, 2 types of preparations from nodule bacteria are produced on an industrial basis:
- "Nitragin";
- Risotorfin.
These fertilizers are based on live nodule bacteria. They belong to the genus Rhizobium. In production, the main task is the accumulation of a large number of viable cells that retain their useful properties. They are used to make medicines. Cells must be "strong". After all, they retain their properties throughout the entire warranty period. Let's talk in detail about the features of the production of bacterial fertilizers and their types.
Remember that "Risotorfin" and "Nitragin" are used only for legumes.
Risotorfin
Risotorfin is an inoculant containing sterile peat. It contributes to the preservation of the activity of nodule bacteria for a long time. On sale you can find this fertilizer in liquid form.
Nodules are attached to the rhizome of the plant, absorb molecular nitrogen and process it into the desired form for the plant. The necessary amount of nitrogen allows the plant to fully develop.
Production of bacterial fertilizers involves drying peat at 100 °C. After it is ground to obtain a powder. The latter is neutralized with chalk. Water is then added to reach about 35% humidity. At this stage the mixturepackaged and irradiated with gamma rays. After that, nodule bacteria are introduced with a syringe.
Manufacturers recommend using 200 g of Rizotorfin per 1 ha. This fertilizer is used in liquid form. The substance must be diluted with water and passed through gauze folded in 3 layers. The solution must be applied to the seeds on the day of planting or the day before.
You can make your own Rizotorfin at home. To do this, you need to prepare the starter. This procedure should be performed in the summer. In a tank prepared in advance, it is necessary to lay the crushed plant mass. Fill the container 1/3. The container is tightly closed with a lid and placed in a place well lit by the sun. After a certain time, the green mass will begin to rot, as evidenced by an unpleasant odor.
At this stage, you need to fill 2/3 of the container with water. In this state, the container is left for 10 days, during which the leaven should ripen. If the weather is cool during this period, then the container can be left for up to 3 weeks.
The finished mixture must be diluted with water, mixed and poured into the compost pit. You can re-sourdough. To do this, leave 1/3 of the liquid in the container.
Nitragin
This drug was originally made in Germany. It was used as a top dressing for legume green crops. Its production involves the use of nodule bacteria, which are obtained in the laboratory. The drug "Nitragin" is produced in 3 forms:loose, dense and liquid.
This fertilizer is stored in a special substance - storage. It is a compost made from straw, legumes, coal and peat. You can find "Nitragin" both in dry and wet form. Once in the ground, the bacteria are located on the root hairs. Here they form nodules, where they further multiply.
"Nitragin" in dry form is a gray powder, with a maximum moisture content of up to 7%. On an industrial scale, strains of bacteria are used that are particularly resistant to drying. Bacteria are grown on agar medium, which consists of agar, sucrose, and bean seed decoction. It is an excellent material for growing bacteria. This medium is poured into a special flask. After that, bacteria are grown in it for 2 days. You need to pay attention to the temperature in the flask. Permissible value +28…+30 °C.
After 2 days, the liquid is separated. The result is a wet mass, which is dried. After the mass is crushed and packaged in bags for further sale.
Like "Risotorfin", "Nitragin" can be made independently at home. It is necessary to prepare the roots of leguminous plants that need to be fed. They must be he althy, if necessary, the affected processes are removed. The earth is removed from the root, washed with water and dried in a dark place. After complete drying, the root is carefully crushed and fertilizer is obtained.
Remember that "Nitragin" should only be applied under crops, forwhich it is intended. Also, before feeding, it is necessary to check the expiration date of the bacteria, because an expired drug will not affect the growth and development of plants in any way.
Bacterial fertilizer "Azotobacterin"
In its action, this drug is similar to the usual nitrogen fertilizers. Manufacturers produce "Azotobacterin" peat, soil and dry.
In dry form, the substance consists of cells with auxiliary components. The production of this fertilizer is similar to the production of Nitragin. Cultures are grown on a nutrient medium, additionally adding complex s alts of molybdic acid, iron and manganese sulfate. The dried substance is packaged in bags. This fertilizer is stored for up to 3 months, at a temperature of +15 ° С.
Bacteria of soil and peat "Azotobacterin" can only multiply in a solid medium. To obtain this fertilizer, you must use the earth or peat. The resulting substrate is carefully sifted and combined with 2% lime and 0.1% superphosphate.
500 g of the mixture is poured into 0.5 liter bottles. After moisten with water up to 50% in volume. The bottles are tightly closed with cotton turundas and sent for sterilization. The inoculum is prepared on agar media. They contain sugar and mineral s alts.
The prepared material is washed off with water, transferred to the substrate. Remember, this process must take place under conditions of complete sterility. All components that are in the container must be mixed well and sent to the thermostat. Here, bacteria actively multiply up to a certain amount. Shelf lifethis fertilizer is 2-3 months.
What is the application of the bacterial fertilizer "Azotobacterin"? It is used to feed seeds, composts and already grown seedlings. Fertilizing with this preparation of plants has a positive effect on productivity. It increases by 15%.
Dry fertilizer is used for grain processing. Potatoes and seedlings (its roots) are sprayed with a liquid solution. It is recommended to use 300 billion cells per 1 ha of land, which are pre-diluted in 15 liters of water.
Please note that when fertilizing with soil or peat preparations, the seeds must be mixed with pre-moistened fertilizer. Then leave for some time to dry. In the future, the mixture can be applied to the rhizome.
Using "Azotobacterin", we saturate the soil not only with bacteria, but also with microelements found in humus and peat. This is an ideal organo-bacterial fertilizer for soddy-podzolic soils.
Phosphorobacterin
The name of the drug speaks for itself. It contains phosphorus. All microorganisms that make up the top dressing are accumulated and transferred to the plant in an organic form accessible to it.
This fertilizer is available as a dust or liquid. The use of bacterial fertilizer "Phosphorobacterin" has a positive effect on plants, significantly increasing their yield. It goes well with any organic fertilizers. You can use this substance with various types of plants. It is applied to the soilor seed them.
Rules of application
There are general rules that will help you get the maximum result after adding substances:
- Liquid fertilizer should be applied in small doses.
- Before fertilizing, the soil must be moistened so as not to burn the roots of plants.
- It is forbidden to pour the solution on the shoots.
- Fertilize late in the evening or on a cloudy day. Bacteria cannot tolerate sunlight.
- Fertilizers are not recommended for weakened, recently planted or diseased plants.
- Mineral, organic, bacterial fertilizers should not be stored near toxic substances. Do not allow sudden changes in temperature.
- It is not recommended to keep fertilizers in reserve for more than 2 years.
Documentation
Fertilizers are often used for industrial purposes in the agricultural industry. In this case, it is necessary to correctly draw up documentation confirming the use of mineral, organic and bacterial fertilizers. The act is required to write off the expense from the account of the relevant substances.
Documentation to be completed by agronomists after soil fertilization is complete. The act must be approved by the head of the organization.
It is necessary to attach waybills, limit-fence cards and similar documents to the written act. They must confirm the delivery of fertilizers from the warehouse to the place of their use.
The signed act on the use of fertilizers is subsequently transferred to the accounting department. Here it is checked and used to further write off material assets from the accountable person.
Conclusion
Fertile land is the value of the country. But sooner or later they run out. Well, if the soil is poor in minerals, then the harvest will be poor. In this case, experts recommend regularly using biological fertilizers. They are safe for human he alth and have a positive effect on the quality of the crop.
These living microorganisms enter into a mutually beneficial relationship with the plant. Biological fertilizers receive the necessary substances from plants. In return, bacteria contribute to improved plant nutrient uptake.
This interaction allows farmers to get a good harvest. Plants grow faster, fruits are large, in large quantities. In addition, biological fertilizers are natural, clean, and safe for he alth.
