Every summer resident dreams of a rich harvest, but to get it, you will have to make a lot of effort. In addition to bad weather, drought or hail, garden pests can negate all the results of labor. How to deal with them, not only store, but also improvised means, you can find out further.
Pest control methods
Harmful insects can not only reduce the quality of the crop, but also destroy the plant completely, and you will have to work hard to protect your garden. Pest control must begin with prevention, including the following methods:
- Agrotechnical - digging the soil, pruning and removing affected and dry branches, destroying weeds and preventive treatment of seedlings, cuttings, tubers and other planting material.
- Mechanical involves searching and destroying insect nests along with testicles.
- Biological - connecting beneficial insects and birds to pest control.
- Chemical - insect control with various drugs.
What pestsare considered pests of fields and gardens? Cabbage scoop and whitefish, aphids, bears, wireworms, potato moths, slugs, the Colorado potato beetle have become a real scourge of every summer resident, and the fight against them does not stop for a minute.
Decoction of bitter wormwood against caterpillars
Cabbage white and scoop can be de alt with with decoctions of plants that are absolutely harmless to humans, but pests of the garden and vegetable garden are afraid of them. A decoction of bitter wormwood will quickly destroy pests. To do this, boil 1 kg of dried plants for a quarter of an hour. Then the broth is cooled and filtered, after which it is diluted with water (10 liters). Chicken droppings will help enhance the effect of the infusion (1 kg is poured with water and left for 2 days). After that, wormwood decoction and litter infusion are mixed. Then the mixture is filtered and water is added in such an amount that the resulting volume is 10 liters. Now you need to spray the plants until the pests are completely destroyed once a week.
Other useful infusions and decoctions against caterpillars
Garden pests are extremely afraid of burdock infusion. Preparing it is quite simple. To do this, finely crushed leaves of the plant are placed in a container, filling it halfway. Next, the dishes are filled with water to the very edge and left to infuse for three days. After that, the mixture is filtered, and you can spray the plants.
Chamomile infusion is also very popular among summer residents and gardeners: flowers are poured with water in a ratio of 1:10. The mixture is infused infor 12 hours, while the plants need to be stirred occasionally. Now the infusion is filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5.
An excellent remedy against caterpillars is an infusion of larkspur. To prepare it, you need to take 0.5 kg of a dry plant and insist it in 10 liters of water.
Chemistry against insects
Despite all the assurances of sellers that this or that product is harmless to he alth, chemicals should be treated with extreme caution. The most common of them are "Benzophosphate" and "Karbofos", which should be diluted at least 60 g per 10 liters of water. Spraying should be stopped no later than a month before harvesting. No less popular is "Foxim" (100 g per 10 liters of water). The last treatment with this drug should be carried out 20 days in advance. Enjoys success with summer residents and "Rovikurt" (10-25 g per 10 liters of water). This solution can be used up to 15 days before cleaning.
But what if the plants were attacked by pests before harvesting? In this case, a biological agent will help. Garden pests are sprayed with "Dendrobacillin" or "Entobacterin" in a proportion of 60 g per 10 liters of water. Vegetables and fruits become harmless already 5 days after the last spraying.
How to deal with aphids and mites?
These garden pests are quite dangerous and cause great harm to vegetable and melon crops. But you can get rid of them with the help of safe natural preparations. A simple and proven way to destroy these insects is to prepare a decoctionfrom potato melon. For this, 1.2 kg of fresh chopped tops is taken, the plants are poured with 10 liters of water and the mixture is left for 2-3 hours. After that, the solution is filtered, and plants can be sprayed with it.
Infusion of mustard: 1 kg of flowers is boiled for 30 minutes in 10 liters of water. After that, the mixture is cooled and filtered. Now it is necessary to add 20-30 g of laundry soap to the solution. Then you can spray the plants affected by aphids. Also, infusions and decoctions of dandelion, tobacco, hot pepper, tomato tops, yarrow, garlic and onion peel will help against these pests.
Chemistry against aphids
The most famous and harmless way to get rid of pests is to treat the affected areas with a solution of laundry soap and soda ash. Preparing it is quite simple: 50 g of soda and 50 g of soap are diluted in 10 liters of water. The only thing to remember: you can eat vegetables after such treatment no earlier than 10 days later. "Benzophosphate", "Rovikurt" and "Karbofos" are also effective against these insects. You can use them in the same proportion as against the tracks.
Scourge of the gardens - Medvedka
If you ask any gardener what insects - pests of fields, vegetable gardens are the most dangerous, then, undoubtedly, everyone will answer that this is a bear, she is a cabbage, or an earthen crustacean. This insect loves well-moistened and manure-fertilized lands and can damage seedlings, tubers and even fruits of any vegetable, fruit orflower plant. Pest control is very difficult, as the insect is almost impossible to detect in the ground. The best means of destruction is "Karbofos": dilute 20-25 g of the substance in 10 liters of water and treat the soil with the resulting solution in the evening, spending approximately 10 liters per 1 sq. m. You can exterminate the pest only in the fall. Before digging up the garden, it is worth watering the roots of the plants with this solution: 100 g of kerosene is diluted in a liter of water.
But before using chemicals, it is better to carry out prevention. Alder twigs help to scare away the pest, which must be buried in the ground every 1.5 meters. Lures and traps will also help. In the warm season, spread small heaps of manure around the site and check them every 15 days for the presence of eggs and insects. You can also set up traps, and for this, dig in small basins so that the edges are flush with the soil. Pour water into the trap so that it does not reach the edge by about 9 cm.
Wireworms
These insects - pests of fields and gardens look like small beetles up to 2 centimeters long. You can recognize them by the click that insects make when they are turned over on their backs. By themselves, these beetles are harmless enough, but their larvae cause great harm to plants. The fight against wireworms is very difficult and time-consuming, but losses can be reduced by systematic processing. The war should start in early spring. Spread tufts of leaves throughout the site andstraw and destroy the insects gathered there. Vegetable baits are very effective: potatoes, beets, carrots. Small pieces are strung on twigs and buried to a depth of 12 cm. After a couple of days, it is worth inspecting the traps and destroying the beetles. By updating the cut, the traps can be reused elsewhere in the garden.
You can protect seedlings from wireworms if the day before planting, treat the wells with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (from three to five grams per 10 liters of water). In May-June, it is necessary to loosen the aisles. This will help to easily destroy the bulk of the beetle larvae. Timely disposal of weeds will help in the fight against the pest, because these insects like to lay their larvae in overgrown areas. In autumn, when digging into black soil, you can add a little coal ash at the rate of 1 liter per 1 sq. m. From chemicals against wireworms, "Diazinon" (30 g per 10 sq. M) and "Foxim" (50 g for the same area) will help.
Potato moth
The most dangerous pest that can only be destroyed by gas treatment with aerosol preparations. These pests of fields and gardens look like gray butterflies, reaching a length of 12-15 mm. The hind wings of the insect are decorated with a long fringe. Harm is caused by a caterpillar that is yellow in color and has a black or dark brown head. Damages any nightshade plants both during the growing season and during storage of the crop. It is almost impossible to destroy the pest on your own, and when it is detected, it is necessaryurgently notify the state inspection.
Colorado potato beetle
These insects - garden pests are known to any summer resident. Despite the fact that the Colorado potato beetle spoils only potatoes, partially tomato and eggplant, there is an ongoing struggle with it, because three generations of a voracious beetle can appear in a season. It is better to destroy the pest using natural methods. In areas with a small amount of potatoes and eggplants, periodic manual collection of beetles, as well as nests and larvae, should be carried out. Before the seedlings of plants appear, you can spread the potato peel on the site. It will definitely gather a large number of insects that are easy to destroy.
You can spray plants with a harmless infusion of walnuts. Its recipe is simple: fresh leaves (100 g) are poured with 2 liters of water. The mixture is boiled for 10 minutes, after which it is cooled and filtered. Further, 200 g of this broth are diluted in 10 liters of water. You can start spraying. If it is not possible to destroy the Colorado potato beetle by such methods, then it is necessary to use chemicals. Currently, there is a huge selection of them to combat this insect. But you should remember to be careful and carefully follow the instructions for use of any drug.
Slugs
These garden pests are of great concern to owners of plots located in wet areas. Since insects prefer to eat at night, it is better to start fighting them in the evening. ForTo do this, any wet material should be laid out on the territory of the site, burlap will do. Slugs will definitely gather here, and in the morning they can be easily destroyed. It is useful to pollinate the plants with ashes after dark.
You can also use slaked lime. In the fight against this insect, this decoction will help: 0.5 kg of hot pepper is crushed and boiled in 5 liters of water for one hour. Then the mixture should be allowed to brew for two to three days. The resulting concentrate should be diluted with water in a ratio of 0.5:10, and the area can be treated.
