In the process of performing any work related to repairs in a house or apartment, with car repairs, when performing construction operations, you must have measuring tools. Often, in most works, roulettes or rulers are enough. For measuring depths, diameters and other dimensions, a universal and more accurate measuring tool is suitable - this is a caliper. The device of the caliper is such that it can be used to measure any external and external dimensions. We will talk about it in our today's article.
How a caliper works
The main node is a ruler, it is also a barbell. Hence the name. The divisions of the rod are often equal to one millimeter. The length of the ruler can be from 150 millimeters and above. The ruler determines the maximum that can be measured by the instrument. In this case, the maximum size is no higher than 150 millimeters.
Sponges are installed at the end of the rod. They consist of twoparts. The second part of the jaws is mounted on a movable frame. This movable frame moves along the bar. This way you can measure the size of the part.
There are both external and internal sponges. They differ from each other in the direction of the incisors. The first look outward, and the second look at each other. So, with the outer jaws, you can measure the inner diameter, and the second measures the outer dimensions of the object. To accurately fix the size, the caliper device provides a special screw, which is located on the movable frame.
On the surface of the main ruler, you can see the integer value of the measured size. To clarify the result, an additional vernier scale is provided. It is located on the bottom of the movable frame. It has ten divisions - each of them is 0.1 mm. There are models where you can get even higher accuracy. To measure depths in the tool device there is a special tail-depth gauge. It slides out of the bar.
Digital Caliper Device
Today, along with a mechanical measuring tool, electronic models can also be found on sale. They are set up in a similar way. But there are small differences. So, the digital type caliper device does not have a traditional vernier.
Instead of it, a display is provided, on which the dimensions are read. Often, digital devices are more accurate. They are capable of measuring to hundredths of a millimeter.
Main species
There are 3 types of these tools, andalso 8 sizes. But this is only in accordance with domestic GOSTs and regulatory documents. The measuring tool is divided according to the type of indicator from which the size numbers are taken. There are vernier models, dial calipers, as well as digital solutions.
Each type is also divided into subspecies depending on the design of the main ruler, as well as its length. In addition, you can classify the tool and the materials from which this or that model is made. So, ShTsT-1 is made from hard alloys. Types of calipers are distinguished by the type of sponges and the presence of additional devices. For example, ShTs-1 and ShTs-3 are distinguished by the location of the measuring jaws. In the first case, they are located on two sides, and in the second - only on one. The ShTs-2 caliper device is slightly different from the previous element. The tool has a special frame with micrometric feed. It makes marking work easier if the measurements are transferred to other planes.
ShTs-1 caliper
This tool is the simplest and most popular model that is used both in everyday life and in industrial production. Masters call this caliper "Columbic". This name was assigned to him by a company that manufactures measuring and other tools in wartime.
This tool is suitable for measuring internal or external dimensions, depth. As for measurement intervals and accuracy, these are sizes from 0 to 150 mm with an accuracy of 0.02 mm.
SHPC-1
Under this markingdigital devices available. They, as already noted, do not differ structurally from mechanical tools, except for the electronic measuring unit and the presence of a digital indicator. With regard to measuring intervals, it also allows you to measure dimensions in the range from 0 to 150 mm. But due to the digital module, the accuracy is much higher.
The comfort of using an electronic device is that at each measurement point you can set the indicator to 0. By pressing a small button, you switch measurement systems - for example, from metric to inch and vice versa.
Before purchasing an electronic model, it is important to pay attention to the readings when the jaws of the device are brought together. Also, when the locking screw is tightened, there should be no jumping numbers on the screen.
ShCK-1
A feature of this design is a rotary dial indicator with a round scale.
The indicator scale has a division value of 0.02 mm. These instruments are very handy for routine routine measurements in industry. The indicator is good because its arrow is clearly visible. This allows almost instant control of the measurement results. Also, the arrow does not jump, which is different from electronic counterparts. These tools are especially useful for inspection departments, where routine measurements are often taken.
ShTs-2
These models are used to measure both internal and external dimensions. This option is also used as a calipermarking. Sponges are equipped with hard-alloy nozzles. This protects them from wear. This tool can measure any size in the range from 0 to 250 mm. Accuracy is 0.02mm.
SHTs-3 and ShPTs-3
If you need to measure a large part, then this model is ideal for this. This tool is much more accurate than other analogues. Mechanical products have a standard accuracy of 0.02 mm, and digital - up to 0.01 mm. The maximum dimensions available for measurement are 500 mm. Sponges of the tool are directed downwards. Their length can reach 300 mm.
Special Calipers
Along with universal instruments, there are also special models that are used only for a narrow range of measurements.
If you can find such a caliper on sale, the price for it will be very high - from three thousand rubles.
- ShTsT is designed for measuring pipe parameters. This is a pipe caliper.
- ShTsV is used for measuring internal dimensions. It is equipped with a digital display.
- SHTSN is a similar tool, but is already designed for internal sizes.
- ShTsPU is a digital universal measuring tool. It comes with a set of nozzles for hard-to-reach places. The purpose of the caliper is to measure center-to-center distances, pipe wall thickness, outer and inner diameters.
- ShTsD - a device for measuring the thickness of brake discs and similar parts. It has various special lugs.
- SCCP - this toolused to measure the remaining tread depth of a car tire.
- SCCM is for center-to-center measurements only.
How to use a caliper
First of all, the tool is checked - the sponges are brought together, and then they control the accuracy of their closing. There shouldn't be any gaps. Then the caliper is taken in one hand, the part to be examined in the other. In order to measure the outer dimension, the lower jaws are parted and the part is placed between them. The jaws are then compressed until they are in contact with the surfaces of the parts. Then you should check how the sponges are located. Dimensional accuracy will be high when they are located at an equal distance from the part. Then, if necessary, fix the screw. Next, the part is set aside, and the tool is taken to get the result.
If the caliper is marking, then with its sponges you can apply the required dimensions directly on the surface of the part. The jaws are made of tungsten carbide and can be used to mark steel and similar alloys.
How to take measurements
The first thing to consider is the number of millimeters. On the bar, a division is found that is closest to zero in vernier.
Then calculate fractions of millimeters. To do this, they look for a division on the vernier that matches the division on the bar. This will be the measurement indicator.
Conclusion
This is a universal tool that everyone should havehome master. For the home, you can buy an electronic caliper. The price of domestic products of a mechanical type starts from five hundred rubles. Electronic models of calipers are offered at a price of one and a half thousand rubles.
