In the construction of houses, concrete piles are increasingly used for the foundation. With the help of concrete piles, it is possible to convey the building greater stability, fortresses. And most importantly - the cost of such a structure is quite low. In the article, we will consider what a foundation on piles of concrete is, as well as the possibility of building it with your own hands. Trust me, it's real.
Pros of foundation
Concrete piles for foundations have both advantages and disadvantages. Can be identified in such positive characteristics:
- Such foundation designs can be easily installed independently at any time of the year, in almost any climate, regardless of weather conditions.
- Concrete piles can be installed both on the plain and on steep slopes, hilly areas.
- Among the advantages you can also highlight the quick installation. It can be done literally in 2-3 days.
- Cost of constructionthis type of foundation is quite low, there is no need to spend money on the purchase of various additional tools and materials.
- And most importantly - with enough experience and tools, you can mount concrete piles for the foundation with your own hands.
Disadvantages of concrete piles
But there are several negative points that will affect the scope of this type of foundation. Concrete piles under the foundation is a fairly popular solution, but you need to highlight the following disadvantages:
- When building a house on stilts, it will not be possible to make a basement or basement.
- This type of foundation is not suitable for the construction of a multi-storey building, as well as other massive structures. The foundation simply can not withstand the weight of the structure. In addition, when building any object with a pile foundation, you need to carefully calculate the load on the foundation.
Using concrete
Installation of concrete piles for the foundation is a fairly simple matter, but a lot depends on the quality and brand of concrete. Quite often, when pouring the base under the house, concrete grade M 500 is used.
The type of mortar used in the foundation depends on the type of pile:
- Bored and driven reinforced concrete are made from concrete mix B 15.
- Reinforced reinforced concrete piles with reinforcement should contain concrete grade B 22, 5.
When it comes to the construction of bridge supports and various hydraulic structures, it is recommended to use concrete, the grade of which is slightly higher than that of the mortar used to connect all prefabricated elements. Next, we will look at the types of concrete piles for the foundation.
Digging method
If we divide all pile structures according to the method of deepening in the ground, then the following types can be distinguished:
- Drive-in - can be both steel and reinforced concrete, wooden. Such supports go deep into the soil with the help of special hammers or other impact-type devices.
- Reinforced concrete shell piles with or without concrete filling. They are immersed into the soil using a special device called a vibrator.
- Stuffed supports - mounted quite simply. First, a well breaks out, then it is poured with concrete mortar. When replacing the foundation, concrete piles can be mounted according to this scheme.
- Screw bearings are metal trunks having a tubular shape and blades in the form of screws. They sink into the ground by screwing in, like a self-tapping screw.
- Reinforced concrete drilling supports - are made by making niches in the ground with the subsequent placement of a reinforced concrete structure inside them.
Stuffed piles
There are several types of designs. So, there are simple designs of a stuffed type. Pipes with closed bottom openings are driven into the ground, screwed in orpressed in. After that, a solution is gradually laid in the wells with pipes. The pipes themselves are removed after the solution has solidified.
Vibro-stamped stuffed piles are mounted inside pre-made wells using a special device with a vibrator installed at the end. There is also a separate type of stuffed piles located inside a stamped well. Before installing them, it is necessary to dig wells, their shape must be pyramidal or conical. And subsequently these wells are filled with concrete mortar.
Drilling piles
And now let's talk about how else you can divide the driven concrete foundation piles by type of construction. So, you can divide them into the following types:
- Bored with a solid section. For them, you need to make a hole in advance. If the soil is clayey, then it is necessary to punch a well slightly higher than the boundary of the location of groundwater. At the well, the walls do not need to be fixed. Other types of soils allow you to make a well with a drill that goes beyond the groundwater line. The walls of the pile must be fixed with a mixture of clay or pipes. After strengthening, these pipes must be removed. After the well can be poured with concrete.
- Borats - they can be created using a special cutter for working with soil.
- If you make a well using explosions and a drill, you can install a support with a camouflage heel.
Reinforced concrete piles
This type of concrete piles for the foundation of houses can be divided into:
- Cast supports made of reinforced concrete. They are produced with a rectangular or square section. Square can be with rounded recesses. Inside the monolithic supports, a steel rod is installed, which is equal in length to the corresponding size of the pile. In the event that reinforcement is made in the transverse direction of the support, a wire made of low-carbon materials is used. Instead, it is allowed to use wire rod with a diameter of 5 mm.
- Tubular-shaped type-setting supports. Made of reinforced concrete from several elements. The installation is done assembled.
Reinforced concrete supports are installed only with auxiliary equipment. These are vibrators, pile drivers, mobile cranes with special hammers.
Mounting Features
Before installing piles, you need to carefully study all the characteristics of the soil, find out if there are any underground currents in it. Only then can the required number of supports and the maximum load be calculated. Once this is done, you can proceed to marking the site and drilling wells in the ground. Next, you need to pour a small amount of sand into the well, and then mount the frame sheet.
In fact, you will make a well in which there will be a sand cushion at the bottom. The walls of this well should be limited to a sheet of metal or roofing material so that the concrete solution does not have contact withsoil. Once the mesh of reinforcement is installed, the concrete solution can be poured inside. The mortar will harden in about three weeks, only after this period it is allowed to continue construction.
Based on the above, we can draw certain conclusions. It is quite possible to make piles with your own hands, but it is advisable to use the help and tips of competent specialists. Carefully study all the details of the work, consult with specialists in order to make the foundation as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Exploitation nuances
In the event that you will be backfilling on the site where construction is planned, it is best to build only a pile foundation. Please note that the supports must be carried along the entire ball of backfill so that they reach the dense soil. If you have made a backfill, then it is recommended to use flood type supports. In the same case, if there are impassable thicknesses in the embankment, it is best to use bored-type structures.
If there is a rocky or low-lying area near the construction site, it is best to use driven supports. And if the soil is dry, there are clay impurities, then a bored-type design is ideal. For "walking" lands, in which the soil sags, swells, it is best to use driven piles. It is recommended to pass through the unstable layer of soil and go deep into the solid surface as much as possible.
If you are building a house next to a pond, keep in mind that there are a lot of undergroundwaters and currents. If you lay a conventional foundation, then take measures to pump out the liquid during construction. Judging by the reviews of the builders, this work is very difficult - you have to not only mount piles, but also quickly and timely pump water out of the wells.
As for the foundation on concrete piles with a grillage, in this case it is not necessary to deepen it. If landslides often occur at the construction site, then all slopes will need to be strengthened as much as possible with the help of bored supports. Their diameter should be more than 1 m. In the event that landslides occur very often, it would be wiser to use shell piles with rigid reinforcement installed.
On heaving soils, support bases during operation far outperform simple foundation structures. By leaving space between the ground and the bottom of the grillage, the negative effects of training due to lower temperatures can be prevented. But we must not forget that the same teaching can go tangentially and damage the foundation. If you started construction on rocky ground, uneven, going down, without installing concrete piles under the foundation, all work is simply unrealistic.
