The construction of any building is impossible without the construction of a foundation. This is the basis of any construction, which ensures reliability and durability. There is a fairly large variety of types of foundation. Modern construction ensures the introduction of new technologies, which is aimed primarily at efficiency. This property is achieved through the use of materials that retain heat. Such an innovation at the stage of laying the building is the UWB foundation (USHP - insulated Swedish plate).
Foundation features
Insulated Swedish slab, as the basis for arranging the foundation, was first introduced by German developers, despite its name. The UWB foundation has been used in Russia for a relatively short time, but it is already enjoying great success. The Swedish stove is a monolithic structure that serves not only as a base, but also as a floor covering of the first floor with a finished heating system. Such a foundation has a good bearing capacity, its laying is possible on almost all types of soil - weak, freezing, chemically aggressive, etc. The difference from other types is that the insulation layer is not providedonly on the lower base, but also along the perimeter of the structure on the side walls.
Swedish foundation benefits
This could include:
- fast construction time;
- possibility of application on various soils;
- increased thermal insulation of the base of the building, ensuring the constancy of the temperature regime inside the room;
- saving on heating by reducing heat losses;
- after laying the foundation, leveling work on the surface is not required;
- improved waterproofing that prevents moisture penetration and mold growth;
- hiding all communication systems by laying them under the foundation slab.
Design
In order to start laying work, you need to carefully design the UWB foundation. The calculation must be made based on the design of the building itself. The need to take into account design data ensures the correct location of all necessary communications. When designing a foundation, you can only rely on primary sources provided by Swedish manufacturers, because there are no Russian analogues of the calculation yet. Many construction companies have developed instructions that describe only the sequence and correctness of work on the formation of the foundation.
Foundation laying technology
The use of high-quality heat-insulating material allows to reduce the thickness of the entire laiddesign, which can significantly reduce the time of laying work. On average, the construction of the foundation structure, depending on the area, takes about 7-10 days. If we compare the terms with the pouring of a conventional strip foundation, then here the process takes a fairly long period: from 30 to 45 days. A do-it-yourself UWB foundation is not particularly difficult if you follow the rules provided for by the project. The sequence of all works can be divided into several stages.
Preparatory operations
- The foundation pit is being prepared, for this, a layer of soil with a depth of 10 to 50 cm is removed according to the size of the future foundation.
- If the soil on which the UWB foundation will be installed is very wet, you must first perform drainage and divert groundwater. The drainage layer is a cushion made of crushed stone and coarse sand.
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usp foundation laying communications After arranging the drainage, geotextiles are laid on the bottom of the pit, and sand of a certain fraction is poured over it in layers, which is provided for by the technology and compacted.
- USHP foundation, laying communications. This operation is quite responsible. It is necessary to provide for all inputs - sewer, electrical, plumbing, etc., which must be laid with extreme precision to ensure the correct connection of communication systems in the house.
- Formwork is being installed. After that, on top of the laid sand, it falls asleep andrubble is compacted. This layer should be about 100 mm.
Laying the thermal insulation layer
For these works, extruded polystyrene foam insulation is used. When choosing a thermal insulation material, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- like the pressing strength at 2% of the maximum deformation, because it will bear the load of the whole house. The pressing strength must be at least 0.2 MPa;
- thermal conductivity of material from 0.030 to 0.034 W/(m K);
- the presence of L-shaped edges that will simplify installation and eliminate cold bridges.
When installing the beginning, side insulation plates are installed, with a thickness of at least 100 mm. Then the insulation is laid over the entire plane. The minimum thickness of the material must be at least 200 mm, that is, if the polystyrene has a thickness of 100 mm, you need to lay the insulation in 2 layers.
Structure reinforcement
This process has its own characteristics and involves two consecutive steps:
- For the grillage, a special longitudinal spatial structure is made with a step of transverse dressings of 300 mm. The diameter of the reinforcement used must be 12 mm. It is only necessary to make a bundle of reinforcement by twisting, which will be installed on the UWB foundation, the technology does not allow the use of welding. Welded reinforcement joints can affect the strength of the future foundation monolith. This reinforced structure is assembled outside the foundation, and thentransferred to it and installed.
- The foundation surface is being reinforced. It is necessary to carry out these works with reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm. The rods are laid longitudinally in increments of 150 mm, after which transverse rows are superimposed at the same distance and the reinforcement is connected to each other. The overlap of joined rods cannot be less than 25 mm.
Installation and connection of the "warm floor" system
The only type of base that is combined with the heating system is the UWB foundation. The underfloor heating system requires professional design, which will maximize the use of the released heat. With the correct calculation, there will be no need to use additional sources of space heating. The system is laid on top of the installed reinforced structure. You can use the following types of pipes:
- metal-plastic;
- polyethylene;
- copper.
You need to pay attention to the choice of tubular products, because for such a system it is acceptable to use only high-quality pipes that are designed to work at high temperatures. Otherwise, any jump in temperature will disable the system, and then you can forget about the "warm floors" of your home. The best option for such structures can be considered molecularly cross-linked polyethylene, it has a very high strength. Using this type of pipe, you get a reliable UWB foundation, the problem of long-term operation of the "warm floor" system in your house will be solved.
The main condition forhigh-quality insulation - rationally laid out pipe contours:
- the distance between the laid pipes should be at least 10 cm, but not more than 25 cm;
- the length of one circuit should not exceed 90 m;
- fastening to rebar can be done with nylon clamps;
- layout by rooms - there should be more pipes in the center of the room, and less near the walls.
Concreting process
Before pouring concrete, the heating system must be checked for leaks at a test pressure that is three times the working pressure. During concreting, the pipes must be filled with liquid to prevent their deformation. Only high-quality concrete can be used for pouring, its distribution over the surface is carried out using shovels. The spreading of concrete must be ensured in all hard-to-reach places under the reinforcement. The time of pouring the concrete mixture should not exceed 1 hour. It is undesirable to concrete the UWB foundation with your own hands at low temperatures; for such work, highly qualified pourers are required, because such a temperature regime provides for special technologies. To obtain finished floors for finishing, it is necessary to carefully smooth and grind the surface of the concrete layer. After work on pouring concrete, it is necessary to ensure the correct maturation regime, which in the future will provide a quality foundation. We have reviewed the main stages of the process of laying the foundation. The arrangement of such a foundation for your home, in addition to all the delights, hasshortcomings.
UWhP foundation. Cons of using an insulated Swedish stove
- Laying this type of foundation is expensive because only high quality materials must be used in the process.
- Under the projected building it is impossible to provide for the construction of basements, as this is prohibited by the design of the base of the insulated Swedish plate.
- Such a house foundation as an insulated Swedish stove is not suitable for large mass structures. This foundation finds its application for the construction of one-story cottages or not too large two-story houses.
Of course, everyone has their own opinion on this matter. If you are interested in the impressions that the UWB foundation makes on the owners, you can always study reviews from people who built this foundation for their homes on any construction forum. There is no unequivocal opinion, but the majority of positive reviews override the use of this technology.
