A couple of years ago, in 2016, the government of the Russian Federation classified electrified tools as highly technical goods, along with digital cameras, refrigerators and watches. This means that when buying, the consumer, having found a defect, can demand not only a replacement, but also a complete rejection of the purchase with a refund. Fifteen days are given for this (in some cases, more). Let's consider what tool we are talking about.
What is a power tool?
Electrified mechanism is a unit that can be freely carried, meeting the requirements of electrical, vibration and noise safety. Its components are:
- case;
- electric drive housed inside the case;
- working body;
- transmission mechanism;
- starting and adjustment equipment.
Starting and operation of the device is provided by power supplyfrom mains or battery devices.
Classification by hazard level
All electrified manual machines and tools are divided into three classes depending on the degree of protection of a person from electric shock:
- I - rated voltage (voltage that determines the degree of insulation of the network and electrical equipment) is above forty-two volts. At the same time, one metal part (or more), which is energized and accessible to touch, is closed with only one functional insulation.
- II - the same nominal voltage. At the same time, all potentially dangerous metal parts are covered with reinforced insulation.
- III - voltage below forty-two volts, not dangerous for humans.
The safety of working with an electrified tool of a modern type is also ensured by the fact that there are no metal parts outside, the electrical insulation is complete, the case is plastic. Only the working body remains metal.
Modern labeling
There are other security classifications. The most common five-class, below. The reason for its wide popularity is that it is suitable for other household appliances. The safety class is indicated on the label of the device.
- Class 00 and Class 01: The units referred to them are equipped with functional insulation and are intended for use in non-residential areas. The difference between the classes is that 00 has no grounding, while 01 does. This equipment is considered highly hazardous, thereforegradually replaced by more modern, class one.
- Class 1 - has working insulation, grounding. Can be used in residential buildings and in production.
- Class 2 - double insulated, no grounding, use allowed in production halls.
- Class 3 - there is working insulation, there is no grounding, it can be used in any type of premises, including those with increased danger. No additional precautions required.
First class devices are more common. Devices of the third safety class are considered universal.
Important note: only adults who have been specially trained and have a qualification record about this in the certificate should work with electrical equipment.
Classification by drive type
According to the type of drive (direct and reverse converter of electrical energy into mechanical energy), electrified tools can be divided into three groups:
- Electromechanical tools - have a rotary motor. This includes drills, planers, rotary saws, etc.
- Compression-vacuum tools - energy is transferred to the working body by the drummer. The most popular tools with this type of motor are a compression-vacuum hammer, an electric hammer.
- Electromagnetic units - with linear reciprocating motor. There are no tools based on such an engine in everyday life, there are only industrial ones - laser, water-cutting and drilling and millingmachines.
Household classification
Electrified tools are divided into two groups - professional and household. Professional designed for intensive and long-term use. For example, an industrial screwdriver has a stronger plastic case, closed bearings, and steel after heat treatment is used for metal parts. It is assumed that household screwdrivers are used sporadically, so the structural elements do not have reinforcement and additional processing.
Target classification
The division of power tools into groups is carried out depending on the purpose for which it is intended.
| Destination | What is used |
| Getting Holes | Drill, perforator, jackhammer |
| Sanding and polishing | Stroborez, grinder, file, planer |
| Sawing and removing edges | Saw, router, grinder |
| Actions of an auxiliary nature | Hot glue gun, soldering guns, rebar tie guns, vacuum cleaner, dust collector, mortar mixer |
Another division into groups depends on what kind of power is used: battery or mains. Almost any portable electrical mechanism can be bought in bothoptions. With a battery, it will be called a hand-held electrified tool, with a cord - a stationary power tool.
There are advantages in both groups. Battery-powered models are usually used for work at height, in the field, in black-out areas.
Most often these are drills, screwdrivers and hammers. Less common is a milling cutter, electric jigsaw or hot glue gun. They are relatively light, comfortable and safe devices.
Their disadvantages can be considered low power and a short period of working time, after which recharging is needed. Stationary tools are much more powerful, have greater accuracy, work for a long time and efficiently. Otherwise corded and hand models are the same.
Thermal classification
The heat resistance of a tool is of great importance, especially when it comes to devices for professional work. Thermal resistance is determined by the material of the winding of the electrified tool (examples of materials are given in the table).
| Class | Wrapping | Max. temperature in degrees |
| 1 Y | Silk, cellulose | Ninety |
| 2 A | Insulated silk (cellulose) | One hundred and five |
| 3 E | Org film or resin | One hundred and twenty |
| 4 B | Mica | One hundred thirty |
| 5 F | Asbestos and other synthetic materials | One hundred and fifty |
| 6 H | Elastomers and specially impregnated fiberglass | One hundred and eighty |
| 7 C | Ceramic, glass, quartz with special processing | One hundred and eighty |
The higher the class (sixth and seventh), the longer the operating time, which is especially true for industrial devices.
Thus, the modern electrified tool is safe, versatile, convenient to use. It is based on different types of engines and is designed for all types of construction and repair activities.
