How to build a low-rise house and save on material and costs? Choose beam ceilings during construction. They are usually cheaper, and their delivery and installation will not be a huge deal. Floor beams perform quite a few functions. First of all, they act as a stiffening diaphragm in the horizontal section of the house, thereby ensuring its strength and stability.
Timber beams
Today they are extremely popular in conventional housing construction and are used for the construction of wooden and frame buildings. There is only one big "but": their length is limited, so the distance between floors cannot exceed 5 m, for the attic - 6 m. Usually beams are made from coniferous and deciduous trees. The floor structure is nothing more than the beams themselves, the roll, the insulation and the floor.
Ground and basementdesigns
The main requirement for such an overlap is good strength. Since in this case the beams will act as the basis of the floor, they must accordingly withstand heavy loads.
If there is a garage or a huge basement under the first floor, it is better to build a wooden floor not on wooden, but on metal beams. This is due to the fact that wooden floor beams are subject to decay and are not always able to withstand a large load. You can also reduce the distance between the beams.
Attic floor
The principle of the construction of the attic floor can be independent or serve as a continuation of the roof itself, i.e. be part of the truss system. A more rational first option, since it is maintainable. In addition, it is he who provides the best sound insulation. To do this, beams are selected and stacked in compliance with certain requirements. First of all, all attic floor beams should be made only from dried wood, preferably coniferous (pine, spruce, larch).
In order for them not to sag, they are stacked from each other at a distance of 1 meter or even closer. The strongest bending beam is considered to be an attic floor beam, which has a cross-sectional aspect ratio of 7: 5.
Interfloor overlap
The design feature is the effect of "two in one": on the one hand, interfloor floor beams are lags forfloor, and at the same time, on the other - a support for the ceiling. As a rule, the space between them is filled with special heat and sound insulating materials, with the indispensable use of vapor barrier. The threshold at the very bottom is finished with drywall, and the top is tightened with a floorboard.
There are several types of wooden floor beams, each of which has its own advantages.
Solid wood beams
For their production, an array of solid wood is used exclusively. To date, interfloor ceilings on such beams are carried out using solid wood only with a small span (up to 5 meters).
Laminated wooden beams
Such wooden floor beams have no dimensional restrictions, since the provided production technology allows them to be made of a sufficiently large length.
Due to the increased strength, glued beams are used in cases where it is necessary to withstand a large load on the floor.
Pros of glued beams:
• good strength;
• ability to span large spans;
• easy installation;
• low weight;
• long service life; • no deformation;
• good fire safety.
The maximum length of the timber provided is 20 meters.
Since such floor beams have a smooth surface, they are often not sewn up from below, and thus they remain open, organizing a rather fashionable design in the roominterior.
Section of wooden beams
As practice has shown, the section of such beams has a rather significant impact on the ability to withstand the load. As a result, it is necessary to first calculate the cross section of this material.
The floor beams of the house can have a rectangular, square or round section.
A log can be used as interfloor beams in wooden houses for design purposes.
We calculate the wooden floor
The distance between the wooden beams is determined by:
First, the likely loads
The load, as a rule, can be constant: the mass of the floor, the mass of partitions between rooms or the mass of the truss system. And plus to this - a variable: it is made equal to 150 kg / m2. (in accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and influences"). The so-called variable loads include a lot of furniture, all kinds of equipment, just things that are in people's homes.
Since it is rather difficult to take into account all possible loads, it is necessary to plan the overlap with a margin of strength. Professionals advise adding 30-40 percent.
Second, stiffness or standard deflection
For any type of material, GOST defines its own stiffness limits. However, the formula for the calculation is the same: comparing the absolute size of the deflection with the size of the beam.
Calculation of floor beams
The process of calculating wooden floor beams is quite laborious. Besides thatyou need to choose the distance between them correctly, you should also correctly determine the section itself. For these purposes, pre-calculate the amount of deflection at a certain load for a given section. If this indicator exceeds the permissible norm, then the floor beam is taken with a large section.
As a rule, the calculation of wooden beams is carried out according to the formula. However, you can also use a specially created calculator for calculating the provided floor materials. It allows you to take into account all aspects without bothering to search for information and the calculation itself. If the beams are put together, they will transfer the load twice as much, and if they are stacked on top of each other, they will withstand the load about four times more.
Metal floor beams
The second popular type of floor beams is metal. Their advantages: they are durable, reliable, have a small thickness, and, therefore, save space. The bearing component of the provided material is a rolled profile. There are 3 varieties: corners, channel bars and I-beams. Lightweight concrete inserts or the so-called lightweight reinforced concrete slabs are used as a filler between them, and, in addition, wooden shields. The main advantage of metal beams is that the span is 4-6 meters or even more. And their disadvantages are that metal floor beams are very susceptible to corrosion and have reduced heat and sound insulation, however, a typical felt can help with this.
Calculation of metal floor beams
It is necessary to pay attention that the calculation (formula) is the same for all types of beams. At the same time, the size of the possible moment of resistance, as a rule, is checked against a special reference book or calculated on a special calculator for floor beams, you can easily find it on the global network.
Floor beams: price
It is extremely difficult to say right off the bat that this type of beam will cost exactly this much. You need to understand that the price is compiled, not only based on the material (in particular, is it wood or metal). Its formation is influenced by their size, as well as the manufacturer. The minimum cost of a wooden beam is 219 rubles. for m/n.
