"You must be born a carpenter" - this saying has come down to our times and is still considered true. Properly processing a wooden blank is not possible for everyone, even with an electric tool. And even using the hand tool of a carpenter and even more so. An experienced craftsman, using his simple set, is able to make any masterpiece from an array. Let's take a closer look at what carpenter's tool exists.
Axe
One of the most ancient tools of labor. Previously, carpenters were called axemen after the name of the main tool. The tool itself consists of two parts - the blade and the ax handle. The blade is made by forging high carbon steel. When choosing an ax for carpentry, pay special attention to the following features:
- The weight of the blade should be between 900 and 1100 grams. A smaller weight will force you to apply more effort, and a larger one will not allow you to accurately process the array.
- The blade should besharpened at 35°. This prevents the tool from getting stuck in the wood. A sharpened blade on one side is used to heave an array.
- The ax handle is made of wood, which dampens vibration during operation.
- The optimal length of the handle is 440 mm. The shape of the handle plays an important role, it should lie comfortably in the hand. For each type of work, the angle of the blade to the ax handle is different. For example, a straight line at 90° is used for felling, and an acute angle is used for hewing.
The ax is used for harvesting wood, roughing - removing bark, hewing.
As you can see, this simple carpenter's tool has a number of distinctive features that will allow you to harvest material with less effort.
Hammer
Usually, the design consists of an impact head and a handle.
This carpenter's tool is a two-in-one design, i.e. the head has a butt on one side, and a nail puller on the other. The weight of the hammer lies in the range from 200 to 650 grams. This feature affects the size of the driven nails, the longer they are, the harder the tool is used.
This tool is used in many construction applications.
Including it is used for various types of repairs, dismantling of any structures, laying tiles, roofing. Sometimes it is used in conjunction with another tool, such as a finishing tool or a chisel. The main area of application of a carpenter's hammer is driving nails andremoval of old unnecessary fasteners.
Hacksaw
This joiner's and carpenter's tool defines its purpose by the size of the teeth and the width of their set, as well as the size and thickness of the cutting blade. The larger the value of the main parameters, the rougher the processing. But, unlike an ax, there is already a more accurate cut. Work with a hacksaw is done across the fibers of the tree. There is another type of hacksaw - with a butt. This type of tool allows you to accurately cut smaller parts. Larger tools are used in carpentry, smaller tools are used by carpenters. The main purpose is to cut the material.
Planer
This carpenter's tool is represented by two types: metal and wooden, separately in this row are jointers. What can be said about planers? There is a size range with numerical designations up to number 8.
The smaller the number, the smaller the length and width of the blade. Equipment number 4 is considered the most popular position. No. 5 is a semi-joiner, and jointers begin with the "six". The smallest, under No. 1, is used for almost jewelry cleaning of small parts and products. Planers work along the fibers of the wood, resulting in a smooth surface. Jointers can be planed across the grain.
Application: a metal planer is used for planing wood along the fiber, wood is used for finishing grinding. Jointers are planing shields both along and across the fibers. Most often, such a tool level the surface,glued from several parts.
Chisel
No carpenter's tool kit is complete without these tools. There are several types:
- Straight. Used for cutting recesses of various sizes and shapes, leveling the surface. The thickness, width of the blade and bevel is selected for a certain type of work and wood quality.
- Semicircular. They are used when it is required to make smooth bends, lines. The main characteristics when selecting a tool are the width of the blade and the radius value. These parameters divide this species into steep, sloping, cesareas (deep). The first option is used to form a recess, the second - to smooth the lines.
- Angular. The main characteristics are the angle and width of its sides. The degree of inclination lies in the range from 45 to 90°. With this type of tool, the initial contour of the drawing is applied, and with other types it is already being finalized.
- Cranberries. In this series there are several more subspecies: straight, semicircular, coal. Like the previous types, they differ in the width of the blade, the size of the radius, the size of the angle. Used for working in hard-to-reach places or when shallow cuts are required.
In normal household use, chisels are often used to install doors. And for a carpenter-joiner, this is an indispensable tool that can also be used for decorative wood cutting.
Chisel
This tool is often confused with a chisel. Visually, the difference is that the bit hasa thicker blade and a grip ring on the handle. But not everyone knows that chisels are used using only hand action, and a hammer is also used to work with a chisel to increase the force of impact on a wooden blank.
Knife
These name carpenter's tools are splinter and scraper. The first is used to form small depressions in wood and cut veneer. The blade of the knife-jamb is beveled from 30 to 40 ° thickness can be 4 or 5 mm. Sharpening can be either one-sided (left or right) or double-sided.
The scraper knife has a one-sided chamfer with a 45° bevel. This allows you to remove thin chips without recesses.
Pincers
There are several subspecies: needle nose pliers, pliers, round nose pliers.
Such carpenter's tools allow you to remove fasteners from wood, twist wire, bite off nail heads. They also include wire cutters.
Doboynik
This device allows you to deepen the fasteners into the array, making them invisible. It is often used when working with lining when fastening with hidden nails. It is a tapered rod with a thinned end.
Screwdrivers
Nowadays, no assembly of furniture is complete without self-tapping screws. What carpenter's tools are used for this work? Of course, screwdrivers, which can be both cross-shaped and wedge-shaped. Sizes may vary. For cruciforms, the main characteristic is the sharpness of the tip, for wedge-shaped ones, the width of the blade. In modern timesthis carpenter's tool is replaced with a screwdriver, which greatly increases productivity. Moreover, the variety of cue balls allows you to work not only with classic self-tapping screws, but also with hexagons.
Clamps
If the main carpenter's tools are aimed at mechanical action on the material, then the clamps serve to rigidly fix the part.
The size of these devices can fluctuate, their presence allows you to work alone, without outside help.
File
This tool has a different working surface length and notch size, as well as a shape. It is used for grinding hard-to-reach recesses and small defects, such as roughness, burrs. Having considered the hand tools of a carpenter, the list can be supplemented with a large list of power tools that definitely increase productivity.
Carpenter's power tools
Start with a power saw. There are several types: chain, disk, miter, circular, electric saw, electric jigsaw. The range is large and specific. The choice depends on the scope of application, the thickness of the material, the type of cut. If the first two serve for a regular cut, then the jigsaw can also be used for curly cuts.
For what concerns grinding, are used: grinders and electric planes. By the way, such a tool as a grinder is interesting, which can serve as both a cutting machine and a grinder.
For drilling, you can use a drill or a screwdriver. Everything depends onpower. They will also help to screw the fasteners into the array. Therefore, the kit should contain not only cue balls, but also a set of drills of various diameters.
For shaped elements, a milling cutter is used, it also helps to drill a number of technical holes. The configuration and size of cutters abounds in variety. For finer work, an engraver is used.
Additional tools
The general set can also include: measuring devices: tape measures, goniometers, squares, plumb lines, sandpaper, workbench, etc.
What is a carpenter's tool, the photo clearly shows. Novice craftsmen should not buy the entire range at once - this will be unjustified costs. As a rule, the whole set is bought gradually, as the need arises.
One of the important conditions for quality work is careful attitude to the tool. This is required in order to maintain cutting qualities. It is necessary to sharpen the tool on time and correctly. After work, wipe and store in a dry place. If the room is with high humidity, then oil should be applied to the blades, and the surface should be degreased before work.
Safety measures
We should not forget about personal protective equipment. Goggles are required when processing wood and a respirator for applying paints and varnishes. The work of a carpenter is associated with both cutting tools and work at height. Therefore, it is imperative to take precautions. Do not expose limbs to working mechanisms,firmly fasten products. When working at height, use safety harnesses and slings.
Carpentry tool kit contains many different items. Nobody canceled the manual, and its purchase will cost much less than a set of power tools. Professional carpenters rarely change a tool once bought and treat it very carefully. This provides them with the highest quality of work.
