Wood is a quality durable material, but it is quite expensive. If you want to buy a wooden house, but are limited in budget, then you need to prefer frame technology. It provides for the possibility of self-construction of a dwelling in a relatively short time. When did the technology of frame housing construction come to Russia? It happened relatively recently: in the nineties. It gained the greatest popularity only in the central part of the country. However, if you have firmly decided that this particular technique will form the basis for the work on creating your home, then it is important to familiarize yourself with its nuances and secrets. It is they who will allow you to create a strong and durable building.
Preparation for the construction of the foundation
Canadian frame housing technology does not require the creation of a heavy and too deep foundation. Before proceeding with this work, it is necessary to level the territory. Only after thatmarking is carried out. For a house with a width of 10 meters and a length of 15, you will need a trench with a depth of 0.75 m. You should not go deeper because the future building will have little weight. The depth depends on climatic conditions, as well as the freezing coefficient of the soil layer.
Formwork work
If you are interested in the technology of frame housing construction, the step-by-step instructions presented in the article will allow you to understand what work needs to be done when preparing the formwork. For example, you will need a second-rate or third-rate edged board, the length of which can be equal to the limit from 3, 4 to 6 meters. Its thickness can vary from 20 to 25 millimeters.
Prepare a square bar with a side of 50 millimeters. 70mm nails can be used as fasteners. A battle of slate and brick, as well as stones, is laid at the bottom of the trench. The thickness of such a layer should not exceed 1/3 of the trench depth. After that, cover the surface with a 20-centimeter layer of sand and water it with water. You should wait until the liquid is completely gone. Then the layer is again filled with water. These steps will help tighten the pillow, and you need to repeat them about 3-5 times. Then you should start laying the reinforcing cage.
Filling
Frame housing construction is very popular among private masters today. The technology of the work must be observed, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve a positive result. Forthe preparation of the mixture should use cement grade M-500, sand, fine gravel, and water. The preparation of the mass can be carried out using a concrete mixer. The following ratio must be used as proportions: half a 25-kilogram bag of cement, 75 kilograms of sand, 13 liters of water, and 125 kilograms of gravel. The frame technology of housing construction provides for the need to prepare such a volume of solution that you can work out in a certain time. If you do not fulfill the specified condition, then the funds will be spent in vain. The composition, having lain for some time, will not be unsuitable for further use.
Building walls
Frame building technology provides for the next stage of the construction of walls, which must be separated from the foundation by an insulating substrate. It can consist of the most inexpensive and simplest material - roofing material, which is neatly placed between the embedded beam and the foundation surface. Having completed these works, you can start laying the foundation for the wall frame.
The connection of the beam to each other in this case is carried out by sawing half the thickness of the element at its ends. The sample width will correspond to the width of the beam. To ensure the rigidity of the connection between them, a pin made of dry wood, called a dowel, should be driven in. First you need to make a hole in the place of the future attachment. Nagel should enter with effort. This connection can be used ascorner or internal fastening of the beam to the partition.
Formation of the bottom
Frame building technology is accompanied by laying the foundation for the frame, which will be equal to the height of two beams. After the embedded elements are in place, a cut must be made in the upper one. Its depth should be ½ timber. The sample width should also be appropriate. It is equal to the width that the timber used for the racks has. The number of seats must correspond to the number of racks. These elements will need to be installed and fixed with braces, which are brackets connecting two frame nodes.
Once all the racks are installed, you can begin to attach the top beam. In it, grooves are cut in advance, which are necessary for mounting the upper ends of the racks. The step between them should be equal to the size of the grooves that are selected on the main bar. Using the building level and plumb line, it will be possible to analyze whether there are any distortions and slopes. Rigidity can be ensured by attaching the racks with jibs. After that, temporary elements can be removed. Further, the master can begin to fix the longitudinal jumpers. In this case, the “groove to groove” principle should be used. But when tightening, you need to use construction 100 mm nails. After all the above work, you can proceed to sheathing with edged boards, so that you get a solid shield. Door and window openings should be left unfinished.
Wall insulation
Organic or inorganic materials can be used as thermal insulation material. It is permissible to use expanded clay or slag. At the same time, you should be prepared for the fact that the backfill will sag over time and the insulation level will become lower. That is why at the stage of work it is carefully rammed. The selected material for insulating the walls of a frame house should have a density of no more than 600 kilograms per cubic meter. The most effective insulation is foam and mineral wool.
If in the area of residence the average daily temperature in cold weather does not fall below -20 degrees, then expanded clay or slag can be used. The frame technology of housing construction before insulation provides for the implementation of waterproofing. It must be laid between the insulation and the outer wall. To do this, you can use the film. However, this material is not as effective. Instead, you can prefer parchment paper. It is cut into separate strips and fixed to the wall with the help of rails. The material is overlapped, and for the corner joints of the walls you need to make an overlap of 20 centimeters.
Use of board materials
The use of bulk materials increases the complexity of the work, while slab insulation like mineral wool allows you to achieve a positive result in a much shorter time. Mineral wool is fixed with bars, the cross section of which is 15x20 centimeters. They are stuffed vertically. After completion of insulationthe internal walls of the house are hemmed with a grooved board. It is located horizontally to the previously fixed frame racks. The inner wall, or rather, the sheathing, should reach the floorboards so that when the floor is installed, they go under the wall.
How to make a ceiling slab?
Frame housing construction, the technology of which is presented in the article, provides for the ceiling to be covered at the next stage. To do this, you need bars or logs for ceiling beams. Coniferous woods are suitable. Logs should be well dried for several months. Prepare edged, tongue-and-groove softwood boards, the thickness of which varies from 25 to 28 mm. For racks, a bar is useful, the cross section of which is 100x80 centimeters. As a fastening material, you can use building brackets, as well as nails, the length of which is twice the thickness of the ceiling board used.
Installation of ceiling beams
The technology of frame housing construction has many advantages. With your own hands, for example, to build such a house is quite simple. When installing ceiling beams at the ends of the beams, you need to make a quarter sample along the entire length. After that, it is recommended to proceed with the installation of beams. This must be done in such a way that it is possible to navigate by the first and last elements that are installed as beacons. The correctness of their installation is checked by the building level. Fixing the beams to the timber that connects the frame of the house,carried out with metal or wooden spikes. You can use 150mm nails or staples.
The technology of monolithic-frame housing construction was created almost according to the same principles as the frame one. For the installation of the ceiling according to these methods, it is best to use beams that have a solid length. They should not have joints. As beams, 50 mm paired boards can be used. They are fixed together with bolts or any other fastener.
Installation of supports
Considering the features of frame housing technology, you must remember that the supports will be located depending on the proposed layout. This is required so that in the future it will be possible to use them for the construction of interior partitions. Before proceeding with the installation, you should make markings on the floor. A beam is laid along it, which will become the lower base of the partition. Grooves are made in it for connection with racks, in which a connecting element should be provided. After the lower beam is strengthened to the floor, you can proceed with the installation of supports. They must be made of timber.
The building bracket will act as a connecting element. The advanced technology of frame-panel housing construction provides for the creation of the most durable floor structure for installing partitions. Remember that you need to start attaching the boards to the beams from the wall. Only in this way will it be convenient to install a screw with oneboards in the groove of another. This indicates that such elements are inside the house. Fixing the boards to the beams is done with nails. If the thickness of the board is 30 mm, the length of the nail should be 60 mm.
Roof installation
The technology of frame-panel housing construction is practiced today in the construction of a dwelling quite often. If you also decide to follow the example of many, then you need to know how the roof is installed. Initially, the rafters are installed, then the insulation is laid and the crate is arranged, as well as the counter-lattice. Then the master must carry out the installation of the roofing material and complete the work by installing the finishing elements of the structure.
Work on the truss system
The rafter legs should be installed after the ceiling beams have been securely fastened. They are also called Mauerlats. In the role of rafters, you can use a bar with a cross section of 50x150 millimeters. The size of 50x200 millimeters is perfect. To begin with, a template for rafter legs is being prepared. To do this, you need to use two boards that are overlapped at a right angle. At the top they should be attached with a nail. The template rises to the roof and is installed on the Mauerlats. The position of the boards can be adjusted. The edges of the elements should extend beyond the level of the walls by 40-60 centimeters, in order to make it easier to arrange a drainage system afterwards.
As soon as the slope of the slopes is obtained, it is nailed between the rafter legscross bar. It allows you to fix the angle. Two pairs of rafters are assembled to the resulting template, which are installed along the edges. The elements are connected half a tree with thick bolts. On the ground, you can collect the required number of rafters, which rise up and are installed with a certain step around the perimeter. At the next stage, the master can start warming.
Conclusion
If you are interested in the technology of precast-monolithic frame housing construction, then you should know that it is based on the use of a constructive scheme. The model implies a frame-bonded system of floor slabs, columns, and crossbars. They are quite firmly interconnected and form a single supporting frame. You can use all the tips presented in the article. And then your home will be strong, stable, reliable and comfortable.
