Organization of a water supply system is one of the basic conditions for ensuring human life. This problem is solved in different ways, but in each case the quality of the supplied resource will be determined by the efficiency of its purification. Until recently, in domestic conditions, small-format filters, aerators and faucet nozzles were mainly used. Today, these devices compete with water treatment plants in various technical and structural designs.
Purpose of equipment
Practically all types of water treatment stations are used to receive and purify it. Unlike urban household filters, we are talking about natural groundwater, which is extracted directly from the serviced facility or supplied from third-party wells. The capacity potential of standard water treatment plants varies from 50 to 800 m3/day. The equipment can be used in utility infrastructure, industry and at home. The systems of the first type, which are used in the water supply infrastructure of shift sites, remote tourist complexes, small settlements, summer cottages and cottage settlements, are most widely used.
Features of industrial stations
A special project of a water treatment plant is being developed for use in industry, since the equipment in this case is integrated into technological production processes. The technical solution represents the structural schemes for introducing the device into the composition of the local facilities of the enterprise. Separately, the parameters of the interaction of stations with other engineering equipment are calculated. This includes piping with borehole, automatic controls, clean water storage, pumping units, etc.
Benefits of water treatment plants
You can compare such systems either with home filtering devices, or with industrial purification complexes that supply water to large settlements and even districts. Against the background of small household filters, medium-sized water treatment plants have the following advantages:
- The ability to fine-tune and regulate the degree of processing of the composition.
- Extensive controls.
- Possibility of autonomous operation of the equipment.
- Highcleaning quality.
- No harmful chemicals.
- Reliability and security.
Many of the listed advantages characterize a full-fledged industrial-type purification complex, but universal water treatment plants have their advantages over it. For example, it is worth noting the energy efficiency and compact size. The stations do not require large spaces for installation and maintenance, but in terms of the quality of treatment they can correspond to biological treatment facilities. What, however, cannot be said about the comparison in terms of performance and functionality.
Water treatment plant device
The equipment is a cleaning complex that includes several functional units. The main functional blocks include the following:
- Receiving tank. From the well, through communication channels, water enters the reservoir for the accumulation of the initial resource. The initial rough cleaning by mechanical filtration can also be carried out here.
- Pump units. They provide the process of moving water from working substations.
- Faucets. The addition of a coagulant may be required to increase the effectiveness of the subsequent cleaning. Integration of vortex mixers into the structure of water treatment plants, in particular, makes it possible to evenly distribute sediment reagents at a flow rate of 1-1.2 m/s.
- Filters. The use of a wide range of devices for filtering is practiced, but the most popular includedevices with anthracite loading and sorption membranes, which, in addition to removing mechanical impurities, improve the color, smell and taste of water.
- Decontamination unit. Special block for the destruction of microorganisms. Modern disinfection systems can remove about 95-98% of bacteria, as well as viruses and pathogenic microbes in the aquatic environment.
Varieties of equipment
Stations can have different designs, causing certain technological approaches to the organization of the cleaning process. The simplest installations are small block structures of a closed type, operating on the principle of a transfer pump, but with a more efficient filtration system. Typically, such models are focused on the tasks of disinfection and iron removal.
The most common form factor is represented by modular water treatment plants, which include a pump, a multi-stage filtration complex, outlet distribution channels, etc. The fundamental difference between such structures is the flexible integration of equipment into technological complexes at enterprises, as well as change in the composition of the working units of the module. The main disadvantage of modular installations is their large size, therefore, another type of station is sometimes used - a container one. These are specialized devices that do not perform complex cleaning, but narrowly targeted processing in the form of specific operations - in particular, they destroy algae, fungi, bacteria, etc.
Functional support
The main tasks of water treatment plants include the elimination of solid particles and mechanical impurities with the smallest fraction, chlorine, heavy metals, s alts and bacteria. But in addition to direct filtering, additional functions can be performed. Multilevel home water treatment plants support the following liquid handling tasks:
- Ion exchange and mitigation. Water hardness increases due to the excessive content of calcium, magnesium and other alkaline earth elements. Natural ion exchange allows you to restore the balance of the liquid structure.
- Lightening. The organic matter and particulate removal process also safely removes excess manganese and iron ions. Some filters also neutralize residual chlorine products.
- Aeration. The simplest way to reduce the amount of iron in water is through its saturation with oxygen. In parallel, unwanted gases such as hydrogen sulfide and radon can be eliminated.
Conclusion
To ensure that cleaning equipment does not disappoint during operation, it is important to initially correctly determine its optimal characteristics. You should start with performance. For domestic purposes, a station serving water at a speed of about 2-3 m3/h is quite suitable. In industry, the volume is calculated in daily format and can reach 1000 m3/day. What is the water pressure for the water treatment plantoptimal? Normal operation of hydrological units with pump support is carried out at a pressure of 6 bar. A maximum of 10 bar is allowed, but in this case, for safety reasons, it is recommended to introduce hydraulic tanks into the system in order to avoid the risk of leaks. The functionality and depth of cleaning are calculated individually with the intensity of filter washing.
