Each home today has electricity. It is hard to imagine modern life without it. Therefore, during the construction of a new building, it is necessary to pay close attention to the electrical wiring in it. A similar requirement applies to the acquired private house, which was built many years ago. In most cases, professionals are hired to carry out such work. But in some buildings, the owners decide to do it themselves, so they need to know how to wire the house correctly. Also, this information will be useful in exercising control over the processes performed by specialists.
Development of projects for different types of buildings
This stage is the initial one, and all wiring in the house depends on its correct implementation. Designers are involved in the development of schemes. In the future, projects are approved in special instances. Drawings are required for newly built houses. In addition, schemes and specifications are required for buildings that are planned to be redevelopment, inas a result, the existing electrical wiring will almost completely change. Also, during the implementation of the extension of the additional floor, it is necessary to develop new power supply drawings. If it is planned to simply replace the existing electrical wiring, then it is not necessary to develop a project for this. You can use the one that exists and was used when creating the building.
Cable Installation Methods
To know how to conduct wiring in a house, you need to study the two main installation options for today. The cable is laid open or closed. In the first case, the wire is laid on the surface of the main supporting structures. These include ceilings and walls. In the second option, strobes are used, which are recesses made with a special tool in the supporting structures. In the future, these elements are sealed with plaster. Pipes are also used for wiring. They can be plastic or steel. Their use allows you to protect the cable from possible mechanical damage. Today it is believed that the most correct wiring in the house, which is the safest, is the one made using the hidden mounting option.
Completing the object with the necessary material
In order to answer the question: "How to make wiring in the house?" - it is necessary to choose the right electric cable having a certain cross section, as well as to know its length. The materials for the power supply of the building also include switches and sockets, installationboxes and fixtures, electrical panels and meters. You must not forget about cable channels, or you can use a corrugated pipe. In addition, you will need plaster and electrical tape.
Installer kit
When answering the question: "How to wire the house?" - you must always remember to equip the person who will perform the installation work with a tool. First of all, for him you will need to purchase a screwdriver, pliers, an indicator and wire cutters. Also, for successful work, you will need a drill or puncher, which must have special nozzles. They are required for drilling sockets used during the installation of switches and sockets.
If it was decided to carry out the wiring in a hidden way, then for such a process you will need a wall chaser. It is necessary to make a furrow that will be used to lay the cable in the wall of the building. Such a tool has two special discs that can cut a smooth depression in hard materials, such as brick or concrete. It also speeds up the installation process. When doing such work, you can get by with an ordinary grinder, but in this case there will be more dust, since the tool does not have a special assembly casing for it. Also, the process will take a long time.
Wire selection
Mandatory when studying the question: "How to wire in the house?" - You need to pay close attention to the selection of the cable section. The main value for its determination is the total powerabsolutely all electrical appliances in the building. In this case, it is necessary to provide for a power reserve. This will keep the cable from overheating even if all electrical appliances are turned on at the same time.
Currently, the wires for wiring in the house are selected as follows:
- For lamps use cable 3x1, 5.
- 3x2 wire is used for sockets, 5.
- For electric stoves, ovens and various other appliances with high power, use a 3x4 cable.
When a cable is selected and it is wired in the house, the execution scheme of which can be open or closed, it must be borne in mind that for each unit that consumes a lot of electrical energy, it is necessary to create a separate line. It is also necessary for computer equipment to reduce or completely avoid electromagnetic interference.
The length of all the wires in the house depends not only on the overall dimensions of the building, but also on the materials used to create the electrical network. That is, they include the above switches, boxes, sockets, and so on. In addition, it must be taken into account that in places where cables are connected, it is necessary to leave a margin of about 10 cm.
Start of installation work
Wiring in the house largely depends on the correct marking of the route. In order to carry out this process, it is necessary to take a cord of small thickness or twine, which will be rubbed with chalk. With their helpthe cable trunk is marked. It is the main wire that runs from the electrical panel to the most remote and last outlet. It is only necessary to place the main cable horizontally at a height of approximately 150-250 mm from the ceiling level. In addition, at exactly the same distance, the main wire can be placed from the floor. Branches that go from the main cable to sockets, lamps and switches must be carried out with strict observance of their verticality.
If the wire is laid at a slope, then in this case, when performing any work, it can be very easily damaged. For example, this becomes relevant when the owner of the premises is going to hang cabinets from the kitchen set or paintings in the living room on the wall.
Choosing the number of sockets and switches
The main indicator that affects the number of devices designed to supply electricity or turn it off is the presence of electrical appliances in the house. So, for each lamp, one switch is usually installed. The number of outlets is selected based on the conditions of convenience for a person. Their calculation can be carried out according to the number of intended and used devices. So, for example, for kitchen areas there should be at least three of them.
Placement of sockets and switches for lighting fixtures
Each device for supplying electricity or turning it off is usually located on the wall. The points for their placement are at different heights from the floor. So, switches, when the correctlaying cables in the house, as a rule, are located about one meter from the bottom surface of the room. There are no clear rules for this value, so each owner chooses it for himself on an individual basis. In addition, they must be located at a distance of 100 mm from the jamb of the doorway and always on the side where the handle is located. As for sockets, there is also no exact height for their installation today. Usually such devices are placed from 300 to 800 mm from the floor. It all depends on the location of electrical appliances.
Groove recesses for cable and electrical panel
Most often, work of this nature is performed when wiring is carried out in a panel house or in a building built of brick. During this stage of installation, there is always a lot of noise, as well as dust. For this reason, it is necessary to have ear protection, goggles and a respirator on hand. After selecting all the installation locations for switches, sockets, transfer boxes and electrical panels, which are marked with a pencil, chasing is performed. This process is carried out in two stages. If a grinder is used, then 2 strips are made side by side, the distance between which can vary from 1 to 5 cm, and the depth should be 20 mm. Basically, these values \u200b\u200bdepend directly on the number of wires laid in the future. After that, using a perforator and a special nozzle, brick or concrete is removed between the two cut strips. To conduct wiring in a wooden house, useopen cable laying method.
To create a niche for the shield, it is necessary to walk along the marked contour with a grinder, and then remove the wall material with a perforator. If the depth is not enough on the first try, then you need to do the whole process again and repeat it until there is enough space for mounting.
Install box installation work
You cannot do without such a stage of work during the installation of the electrical network. Wiring in the house, the scheme of which was chosen at the preparatory stage, always involves the installation of transfer boxes. For this, dowels or gypsum are most often used. A device is inserted into the hole of the required depth prepared in advance with the help of a crown, which is fixed with the above consumables. If initially it is not possible to fix the box using a dowel, then a gypsum mortar is used. A base is created from it, to which an element of the electrical network of the house is subsequently attached. It is necessary to use building gypsum, which has a setting time of up to three minutes. After applying it to the hole, immediately insert the installation box and immediately adjust it to the desired position.
Laying wires and securing them
Cables must always be fixed in the building. It does not depend on how the wiring is done in the house. For strobes, two options are used: wet or dry. At the very beginning, one end of the cable is fixed in the installation box, while leavingabout ten centimeters of stock. If there are several wires, then they are connected every 300 mm to each other using plastic fasteners. Using electrical tape or a separate piece of cable, a dowel is attached to them. A faster way is to use gypsum, only before that it is necessary to remove all dust from the strobe, and then prime it. First, smears are applied in the recess for the wire every 300-400 mm, and only then the cable is embedded in them.
Wiring electricity in the house in an open way is carried out using cable channels, which are made of non-combustible materials. This option of fixing takes away the minimum amount of strength from the performer.
Conclusion
Many people are interested in how to make wiring in the house. To be sure that all processes are carried out correctly, it is always necessary to contact specialists if the property owner does not have the necessary skills and knowledge. In no case should a person perform such a responsible job without the required qualifications, because this can lead to irreversible consequences.
