The invention of the machine, which later became a lathe (we refer to historical sources), is attributed to 650 BC. e. The first cutting tool was a primitive device, consisting of two installed faces coaxially to the center. A blank made of bone or wood was clamped in them. An apprentice or slave rotated the workpiece, and the master, holding a cutter in his hands, processed it, giving it the desired shape.
Many centuries have passed. Everything around has changed a lot, including the cutting tool. It has acquired a more perfect, modern look. The domestic machine tool industry occupies one of the first places in the world and produces a huge variety of machine tools, including those with software.
The cutting tool is the most necessary equipment in modern production. One of the main metalworking cutting tools is a milling cutter, on which teeth are cut in the form of blades, which play the main role in the process.
Turning cutting tool likementioned above, has gone through centuries of improvement, and today performs the processing of products using turning or cutting in a rotating mode.
The basis of the cutting tool of the machine is a cutter, a drill, all kinds of reamers, special heads for threading and various other tools. Metal processing with a cutter is similar to wedging, and the cutter itself is like a wedge. Incisors come in a variety of purposes and have a variety of shapes. They are sharpened at different angles, depending on what material will be processed. The cutting tool is fixed in the tool holder so that the cutting edge coincides with the level of the spindle axis. The cutters must be harder than the workpiece being machined and must not shrink from heat.
The main unit of the machine is the spindle, which clamps the workpiece and rotates with it. The cutting tool, in turn, can move along the workpiece and across the axis of rotation of the workpiece. Modern turning and cutting tools in our time have gained multifunctionality. Devices can work both for turning, and for performing milling and drilling operations.
The durability of a cutting tool directly depends on the quality of the material from which it is made. The length of time in which the cutters will not need another turning depends on this. With the next sharpening of the tool, the upper layer of metal is ground off, because of this, natural wear of the tool occurs. The faster it will decreasethickness, the less sharpening it will withstand. For each cutting tool, there are special formulas that are used to calculate their suitability until complete rejection. Machining all kinds of hard alloys at high rotational speeds requires periodic cooling of the cutting tool, which prolongs its ability to remain in excellent condition for a long period. For this, various cooling emulsions and carbide cutters are used.
