Plywood is a wood-laminated board, which consists of three or more sheets of peeled veneer. The sheets are glued together in such a way that the fibers in adjacent layers are mutually perpendicular. This allows you to achieve tensile strength and bending. The material turns out to be durable and resistant to all kinds of external conditions such as mechanical loads, the influence of water, etc. Plywood copes well with moisture. As for some of its brands, they can even be used in shipbuilding. That is why this industrial product is widely used in many areas. In everyday life, it can be quite difficult to do without this material, unique in its properties, the qualities of which cannot be compared with other analogues of modern production.
Production Features
The veneer used in the production is thoroughly dried, and then adhesive compositions are applied to it using rollers. The material is mechanically processed, which involves the impact of a press for gluing. After the sheets of future plywood wereglued, they are cut off on all sides. Special machine tools are used for this, and then the goods are sorted according to the standard. In order to glue the veneer, compositions of plant and animal origin are used, sometimes synthetic resin substances are used. Plywood usually consists of an odd number of layers, which can vary from 3 to 5. However, there can be many more, which significantly increases the strength characteristics of the final product.
GOST
The production process is guided by GOST 8673-93, which involves the use of seven or more layers. On sale you can find sheets of the following sizes: 1525x1525, 1220x2440, 2440x1220, 1500x3000, 3000x1500, 1525x3050, 3050x1525 mm. Depending on the level of water resistance of adhesive joints, the material may have the usual qualities of moisture resistance. In this case, the marking "FC" is affixed. The canvas may have increased water resistance. Plywood in this case is made on the basis of phenol-formaldehyde resin, while the marking will look like "FSF". For the production of canvases, imported equipment is used, and the requirements prescribed by the technology are also observed. The raw material must pass the input control, and then it is sawn into separate blocks, the length of which is exactly 1630 millimeters. At the same stage, sorting by diameters and species takes place, the sheets are tied into bundles and subjected to heat treatment. After that, the raw material goes to improved machines, wherea veneer is formed, the thickness of which is 1.5 millimeters.
Heat treatment
The resulting technological waste is used for the manufacture of fiberboard. Glued plywood at the stage of veneer processing is dried at a temperature of 280-300 degrees. At the time of passage of the press, the canvas is exposed to temperatures in the range of 115-135 degrees. After the plywood has been received, it is cut to the desired size, sanded, and then sorted. Then the material passes quality control, and then goes to the sale. Sheet thickness can vary from 4 to 22 millimeters.
Varieties of plywood
When there is a need to manufacture furniture, as well as to produce interior decoration or to produce high-quality packaging, then FC brand plywood is used. The second of the varieties mentioned above is used in the arrangement of the roof, the production of packaging, as well as in frame housing construction. The surface of plywood can be treated in a variety of ways. For example, it may not be exposed to grinding, then the marking looks like "NSh". Grinding can be one-sided, and such a product can be recognized by the abbreviation "Sh1". The surface can be processed from two sides, this is indicated by the designation "Sh2". Plywood can be transverse and longitudinal, which determines the location of the fibers in the upper layers. If soft and hard woods are used in the production, then the final product may refer to differentvarieties and types, each of which will differ in purpose, price, life span, as well as appearance. Among other things, the material is classified according to the sources of raw materials. It can be birch or softwood. It is important to distinguish sheets of plywood by purpose. They can be designed for the needs of industry, construction, furniture production, packaging or construction purposes. According to the type of processing, plywood can be laminated.
Main features of the material
Plywood (GOST 8673-93 is strictly observed during production) can be made from ash, alder, beech, birch, linden, aspen, maple, spruce, fir, larch, cedar, oak or elm. The species of the final product is determined by the wood from which the outer layers are formed. If the thickness of the sheet exceeds 12 millimeters, then this material is already called plywood board. That is how it is presented for sale. The surface can be lined with precious woods, from which a sliced veneer is formed. As a coating, decorative laminated paper can be used, which perfectly imitates the structure of natural valuable wood. If we consider the advantages of this plywood, then, in comparison with other lumber, it does not crack, does not warp at all and is almost equivalent in all directions in terms of strength. The sheets are transportable and bend well, which is very convenient. Moisture-resistant plywood has found its application in shipbuilding, car building and car building. She's being usedin the manufacture of furniture, construction and economic engineering. Distinguish plywood, which can be equal-layer. At the same time, it is glued together in such a way that all sheets are the same in thickness. The fabric may also be uneven. In this case, the sheets have different thicknesses. As a rule, the middle sheets are more massive. In the latter case, the veneer sheets are arranged symmetrically along the thickness of the material, this is done in order to avoid excessive warping.
Cost
Plywood, the photo of which is presented in the article, may cost differently, depending on the characteristics of the production and brand. For example, a polished sheet, the dimensions of which are 1525x1525x10 mm, costs 538 rubles per piece. The density is 450 kg per cubic meter. If we are talking about unpolished plywood, then its price will be equal to 468 rubles for one canvas. The dimensions of the sheet remain the same, as does its density. As for the polished canvas of a more impressive thickness, it costs 868 rubles per 1 sheet. In this case, the dimensions are 1525x1525x18 mm. The density stays the same. If you need to purchase polished material, the thickness of which is 20 millimeters, then you will have to pay 978 rubles for 1 sheet. The length and width remain the same, as does the density. A polished sheet, the thickness of which is 4 millimeters, will cost 258 rubles per 1 piece. The rest of the parameters remain the same. As for an unpolished canvas of the same thickness, its price will be somewhat less. It is equal to 228 rubles per 1 sheet. A polished product, the thickness of which is equivalent to 6 millimeters, costs 358 rubles (one canvas). The basis of this material is coniferous wood. Density can reach 700 kg per cubic meter. Eight-millimeter unpolished plywood will cost the buyer 388 rubles for one canvas.
Description of the laminated panel brand FOF F/F
Material can have the following sizes: 2440x1220 and 2500x1250. The ends of the sheets in the production process are processed with a special paint, which provides moisture resistance. If the canvas is made according to the technology, then it will be able to last for a long time, undergoing several tens of pouring cycles. This laminated plywood is also known as Finnish plywood. Today, this variety is produced on domestic equipment. However, imported films are used in the course of work. Due to the laminated surface, plywood is highly resistant to all kinds of environmental influences. This allows the use of this material in the construction of wear-resistant surfaces. These can be billboards, reusable concrete formwork, floor, wall and wagon cladding. If necessary, you can purchase a large format of laminated plywood. In this case, the product can be painted in various colors. This allows the material to be used in the production of children's playgrounds. Glued plywood (GOST must be observed during production) has anti-slip characteristics, which allows it to be used for the construction of boat floors andvehicles.
Good Features of Laminated Plywood
Multilayer plywood has a high wear resistance, it can be installed quickly enough. Among other things, it is easy to process. It perfectly tolerates aggressive environments, as well as all kinds of cleaning and detergents. On sale you can find options for embossed and smooth surfaces. The consumer has the opportunity to choose from a wide range of any color.
Description of the FSF brand
Plywood from chips has several layers. They are glued with special compounds. The variety can be determined by the number of knots per square meter, as well as the degree of processing and wood species. The fewer flaws on the surface, the higher the cost. It is important to pay attention to density. The higher this indicator is, the higher the quality. For example, beams are made of plywood. In general, this material has a wide range of uses. It is used for the construction of temporary buildings, for the arrangement of roofs, fences, as well as for the production of formwork. The latter will be inexpensive, but its quality will be on top. If we are talking about coniferous plywood, then its surface is not polished and has a natural resinous content, which gives the products a quality of resistance to decay. Thanks to the use of resin glue, you can not be afraid that the plywood will delaminate under the influence of rain, wind and sun. The ratio of quality and price of this material is comparable.
FBS brand plywood
This bent-gluedplywood has the qualities of increased moisture resistance. This allows it to be used in the production of yachts, boats and boats. Production is made from veneer sheets, which undergoes preliminary peeling. The sheets are impregnated with an alcohol-based Bakelite varnish.
Conclusion
Plywood furniture is durable and strong. This material is widely used in many fields of construction and industry. He occupied his worthy niche in the market. Its quality does not remain underestimated by consumers.
