Modern materials used in the repair or construction process have a set of characteristics. This allows them to comply with the requirements and norms of existing standards.
Tile cladding is a popular choice of material. He has all the necessary qualities. Various types of tiles are used for finishing kitchens, bathrooms, public spaces, facades and paths. In order not to get confused in the variety of materials presented, it is necessary to consider them in more detail.
Tile assignment
Tile is used in a wide variety of conditions. It can withstand quite heavy loads. Depending on the operating conditions, the types of tiles (the photo is presented below) are as follows:
- Outdoor.
- Ceiling.
- Wall.
- Facade.
- Decorative.
- Pavement.
- Finishing.
Ceramic tiles are very popular today. This is due to its properties. This material is applied both outside, and in rooms. It can be used for cladding at very low or high temperatures.
The more extreme operating conditions, the more expensive the product. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate type of tile exactly taking into account the characteristics of the environment. For a dry room with a normal microclimate, there is no need to purchase expensive varieties of tiles that will be resistant to adverse effects. However, for special installation conditions of the coating, it is necessary to select a cladding with a certain set of qualities.
Tile making
Depending on the type of tile, the photo of which is presented below, various materials are used in the manufacturing process.
It can be clay, quartz varieties of raw materials. In the first case, the substances allow you to create a plastic mass that can be molded.
Quartz sand serves as a kind of product frame. Modern types of tiles also include carbonates or feldspars. They are necessary for the product to acquire the required hardness during firing.
After mixing all the ingredients, the molding process takes place. Next, the product goes through the drying stage. It is then glazed and fired in a kiln at very high temperatures. After that, the finished products are sorted, excluding defects.
Varieties of ceramic tiles
Depending on the production technology, there are several types of ceramics. For wall cladding in a room, a material called biocuttura is made. It has enamel.
Monokuttura also has this front side coating. But this kindcladding will be lost for both walls and floors.
Monoporose is a single fired tile. This technology makes it possible to produce large-sized slabs.
Types of tiles that are colored throughout the material are called gres. Such porcelain stoneware can be matte, semi-polished, polished, sm alted.
Cotto is a single fired material made from red clay. The clinker is characterized by a compacted base.
Majolica is made of porous material. Therefore, it is used exclusively in dry rooms. For the floor in the room, cottoforte is used. Faience has the same properties as majolica, but has the white color of the raw material. This is the hallmark of the material.
Benefits of tiles
Facing tiles have quite a variety of advantages. The types and properties of this material deserve detailed consideration. Properly selected and laid ceramic tiles are very strong and durable. It is convenient to wash it. It is a hygienic material.
A wide range of colors will allow you to choose the best type of cladding. This coating is not deformed, does not conduct electricity. Tiles withstand harsh environmental conditions.
The advantage of the material is also environmental friendliness. It's easy to install. The cost of such cladding is relatively low. This makes it public. Thanks to all these qualities, tiles are in such demand today.
Flaws
Listedfeatures and types of tiles make this type of coating popular. However, a number of disadvantages limit its scope.
A significant disadvantage is the high rigidity of the product. Therefore, it can not be laid in the gym or children's room. This greatly increases the number of injuries.
Also, with careless handling, chips and cracks form quite quickly on the surface. The wrong type of floor covering can slip.
Ceramic is a heat-conducting material. Therefore, in the cold season, the material loses heat quite strongly. This indoor flooring is recommended for use with underfloor heating systems. This is a disadvantage that can be turned into an advantage.
Wear resistance
Quality facing tiles are characterized by a certain set of properties. One of the most important is durability. There are 5 classes of this indicator. They are marked PEI.
The most abrasion-prone varieties are classified as first class. These types of tiles are well suited for kitchen, hallway or wall cladding.
Second class coating can be laid on the floor in a room where there are carpets. The third type of wear resistance is allowed to be used in public areas with small flows of people. For hallways, stairways or busy public areas, class 4 coverage is appropriate.
The most wear-resistant tiles are used at stations, airports, supermarkets. Service equipment, trolleys andetc.
Slip and chemical resistant
Safety requirements pay special attention to the sliding characteristics of tiles. Smooth varieties are used exclusively for walls. Otherwise, a person risks serious injury.
In dry rooms, the floor covering should have a corundum coating. Existing types of tiles for paths in pools, baths, showers must have a ribbed surface.
A good tile should also not be affected by mechanical, chemical factors. This will allow you to fully care for the coating, keep it clean. Even ordinary trace elements contained in water can affect the material.
Special Features
When laying tiles in various conditions, it is necessary to consider whether their characteristics meet the installation requirements. Special properties include moisture absorption and frost resistance. Under normal circumstances, they are neglected.
But facing outdoor objects, swimming pools, these indicators must be taken into account. The types of facing tiles that are used for arranging, for example, a pool, should be characterized by low moisture absorption. This will extend the life of the facility.
Also, when installing tiles on the street, you need to pay attention to the frost resistance class. Such a coating will withstand repeated freezing and thawing. The manufacturer must indicate such characteristics in the material delivery set, in quality certificates.
Size andcalibration
Depending on the type of coating and production technique, there are different dimensions of products. Tiles, the types and sizes of which are most often found on sale, deserve detailed consideration.
A fairly common biocottura is produced with standard sizes of 20x20, 20x25, 25x33, 3 cm. Monocottura is most often characterized by dimensions of 10x10, 20x20, 30x30 cm.
The caliber of the tiles may differ by a few millimeters from the parameters declared by the manufacturer. This is more often inherent in tiles with a high base density. To ensure that the dimensions of the entire batch correspond to each other, the tiles are sorted in a certain way at the production site.
Mechanical qualities
All types of tiles are characterized by certain mechanical properties. This must be taken into account when choosing. One of the main mechanical properties is bending resistance. This indicator is the lower, the higher the moisture absorption. Porous facing materials have low bending resistance, while dense facing materials have high bending resistance.
Ultimate strength is also the mechanical quality of the lining. It shows what maximum load the tile can withstand. The thicker it is, the higher the tensile strength. It is very important for the floor that the coating can withstand the weight of not only a person, but also furniture (sometimes very heavy).
When a massive object falls on a high-quality durable tile, chips and cracks do not form.
Recommendations for selection
When planning repairs, do notchoose a facing tile only on the basis of its aesthetic qualities. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of its operation.
For damp rooms, it is necessary to purchase a material with a low level of moisture absorption. For lining the fireplace, the wall near the stove, preference should be given to dense tiles. But for a dry room with a normal microclimate, the simplest kind of material is quite suitable, the price of which will be relatively low.
Having decided on the technical characteristics of the material, you should correctly choose the color and texture. The tile should be in harmony with the style of the room. In small rooms it is better to give preference to light shades. They visually expand the space.
The exception is gender. It is better to lay out the dark varieties of the coating. Dirt will be less visible on this surface. Light tiles will require daily washing. Over time, pollution will settle tightly in the structure of the material. Washing them off will be extremely difficult. Dark tile on the floor is much more durable than its light variety. Practicality when choosing a material plays an important role.
Having considered the types of tiles that exist today, we can conclude that this is a rather practical material. It is not without some shortcomings. But he has a lot of advantages. By correctly mounting and selecting tiles for facing various surfaces, you can create a durable, beautiful coating. Many options for colors, textures and shapes will create a unique interior. Therefore, suchthe material is so popular today.
