Repair is a procedure for changing, updating or improving something, as well as restoring the original characteristics of an object.
Depending on the object, the types of repairs may be different.
Varieties of repair work in the apartment
What types of repairs are there and how are they different? Let's try to understand this issue. In terms of volume, repairs can be cosmetic, major and improved.
Cosmetic
This includes renovations that aim to improve the appearance of the apartment without affecting the design of the room and the structure of ceilings and walls. At the same time, minor adjustment of the equipment is possible.
This is the easiest type of repair work. Its cost is also relatively low. Works in progress:
- dismantling;
- putty;
- wallpapering;
- painting;
- laying floor coverings;
- adjustment of sanitary fittings.
Renovation of apartments
To thistype of work is resorted to when it is necessary to eliminate the physical deterioration of the dwelling, without fundamentally changing the parameters of the apartment.
Apartment overhaul types of work include the following:
- floor screed;
- replacement doors;
- wiring;
- concealed piping;
- replacement of plumbing equipment.
Improved apartment renovation
Here we are talking about high-quality repair operations, where modern construction technologies are used. It is also called European-quality repair.
Types of operations:
- leveling the floors under the level;
- improved plastering, three-layer painting;
- installation of ceiling plinths;
- floor screed;
- parquet work;
- replacement of heating radiators;
- installation of the "warm floor" system;
- installation of water filters;
- drawing up a design project;
- buying and installing furniture.
If we are dealing with electrical equipment, the definition of repair operations will be different.
Maintenance
These works are carried out in order to restore the equipment to working capacity, and they consist in replacing or adjusting its components and parts.
In accordance with what design features take place in this particular type of equipment, as well as depending on the type and scope of work, current repairs can be the first or second. The operations to be performed are regulated in the repair documentation of the electrical shop.
Current repair consists of replacing parts and assemblies, putting linings and coatings in order against corrosion, revision of machinery and equipment, monitoring the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Carrying out ongoing repairs for electrical equipment is based on specially designed flow charts.
Overhaul
Repair, which is carried out in order to ensure the serviceability and complete restoration of equipment parameters with the replacement or restoration of its various parts, including basic ones. The base is considered the main part of the equipment. It is necessary in order to assemble and install other components on it. This type of work should result in at least 80% recovery of equipment life compared to new.
The overhaul includes the following types of operations:
- all worn parts and assemblies are replaced or restored;
- insulation and lining to be replaced;
- equipment being aligned and centered;
- equipment testing in progress.
In order for the overhaul to be done correctly, it is necessary to use the technical conditions that are developed at the enterprise for each type of equipment.
Varieties of maintenance
Maintenance and types of repairs in relation to cars are carried out in accordance with the planned preventive system. Its specificity lies in the fact that for all cars a special maintenance schedule is drawn up, which is mandatory. the main taskmaintenance is to prevent malfunctions and failures, eliminate the risk of failure of parts during the trip, quickly eliminate breakdowns that interfere with the operation of the machine under normal conditions.
Maintenance is done as a preventative measure when equipment is up and running.
When equipment fails, restoring it is called repair.
Failure - failure of the car, which entails a temporary interruption of its normal operation.
All other negative changes in the technical condition of cars and their components are considered malfunctions.
Maintenance includes washing operations, control and diagnostic work, fastening operations, lubrication, refueling, adjustment and other types of operations that are most often performed without prior disassembly of machine components.
According to the existing maintenance standards, the types of maintenance and repairs are as follows:
- daily maintenance;
- first;
- second;
- seasonal.
Daily maintenance consists of cleaning, washing and general monitoring of the technical condition of the car, so that traffic safety and appearance are maintained at an appropriate level. It is carried out at the end of the car and before the start of the working day.
In addition to the daily maintenance, the first maintenance includes a certain amount of additional work related to fasteners, lubrication and adjustment that do not require removalunits and devices of the car.
The second maintenance, in addition to operations that are included in TO-1, includes diagnostic, control and adjustment operations, large in volume and requiring partial disassembly of vehicle components. A number of instruments are removed from the machine and controlled at special stands.
The car is subjected to seasonal maintenance twice a year. It consists in carrying out work that is associated with the change of seasons. Most often it is combined in the schedule with TO-2. For seasonal maintenance, operations for flushing the cooling system, changing oil and lubricants for the appropriate coming seasons, monitoring and adjusting the fuel system are typical. The autumn-winter SS is characterized by checking the operation of the starting heater and heating in the cab of the car.
Car maintenance schedule is based on mileage and vehicle usage conditions.
Depending on the complexity, these types of technical repairs are distinguished: current and capital.
Varieties of repair of fixed assets
Fixed assets must be maintained in good condition, because during operation they tend to wear out and may eventually fail.
The tool for maintaining the operational characteristics of the OS object is its technical inspection.
If, as a result of technical inspection, violations of its technical condition are detected, the object can be restored through repair, as well as reconstruction ormodernization.
The last two types of work are different in that they can increase the initial value of the object and change its characteristics and purpose of use.
What is repair? This is the replacement of worn out parts with new ones without changing the functions of the object. There are such types of repairs as current and capital.
In practice, it is often difficult for organizations to determine what type of work has been done, so let's take a closer look at these concepts.
According to the law, if the work is carried out at intervals of less than a year, then this repair is called current. With greater frequency, we can talk about capital.
Maintenance is carried out regularly based on schedules prepared by building managers.
Overhaul of fixed assets
This is the most difficult type of fixed asset repair. The frequency of its implementation is determined by the intensity of operation of the facility. It is most often performed once every few years, and often takes quite a long time.
Usually, during the overhaul, the object is completely dismantled with the replacement of worn parts and mechanisms with new ones. If this type of work is carried out for buildings, then it is necessary to change the structure and details of the building. You should not just make a complete replacement of durable structures like foundations. Major repairs are most often carried out with the involvement of contractors, since their implementation requires high professionalism.
Viewsoverhaul of industrial buildings:
- complex, involving the entire building;
- selective, when individual structures are repaired.
