There are three main tasks in a man's life. One of them is building a house. This article will provide in detail the method of high-quality phased construction of a brick house on its site. Thanks to a detailed description of all operations, the builder will successfully complete the task.
Designing a future home
When deciding to build a brick house, it is important to take your time to think through all the details in order to get the result you expect in the end. After all, such issues have to be de alt with infrequently.
First, plan where the building will be located on the site. It is important to consider the view of not only the house, but also all the buildings on the territory. If the site is located in an area with uneven terrain, experts recommend pre-laying a drainage system. It is better to do this before laying the foundation, as the pipes are dug to a depth of at least 5 m.
Next, we need to start creating a project plan. You can do it yourself or use ready-made projects of brick houses. AtWhen creating a plan, it is important to consider:
- What will be the size of the house.
- How many rooms will the building consist of.
- Where and how many windows should be - it is desirable to place them on the sunny side.
- Location of sewerage and heating systems.
Important Notes
When planning the sewer, keep in mind that you will need to pump it out from time to time. To do this, you need to call a special technique. In order for such a machine to reach the drain hole, place it near the fence or behind it.
For the construction of a boiler room, the side of the facade is better suited so that it is economically profitable to bring a gas pipe and water supply to the house. When choosing the location of a brick house, consider the size of the land at your disposal. If its dimensions are rather modest, take care of compact placement on it:
- yard and outbuildings;
- parking spaces for your car;
- tracks for cars in the yard and to the garden.
To build a brick house, you can use a ready-made project, which is convenient to order from a competent organization.
Laying the foundation
When the planning process is successfully completed, it's time to act. We carry out the markup and fill the foundation of the house. The construction of brick houses always begins with the formation of a solid foundation. The importance of laying a strong foundation cannot be overestimated. After all, it is on it that the walls will hold. If the construction of basementspremises are not included in your plans, the strip foundation option will be the best solution for a one-story brick house, regardless of its size.
If the house is not one-story, take care of the construction of capital partitions. This is already taken into account when pouring the foundation, as well as the thickness of the walls. For the conditions of the Russian climate, the foundation is poured to a depth of 1.5–2 m. This is due to the freezing of the soil.
Construction of a one-story brick house will save on the thickness of internal partitions, making them lighter. For this, the use of bars is practiced. It is not required to pour the foundation for such structural elements.
Marking the walls
To mark the walls of the future brick house you will need a cord. We stretch it between metal rods, drawing a rectangle. This is the outline of the house. According to the markup, we dig a trench and fill the foundation:
- In a trench dug to the required depth, you will need to fill in a layer of river or quarry sand, the thickness of which is from 2 to 3 cm. Such an embankment is created around the entire perimeter of the trench. Its role is to cushion the foundation.
- We reinforce the foundation with a knitting wire. We build a frame. It is important not to skimp on rebar by making sure you have enough of it.
- With the help of a concrete mixer, the necessary volume of concrete solution is prepared in order to fill the foundation with it. The concrete mortar recipe is as follows: 1 bucket of M500 cement, 2 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of crushed stone. We will fill the trench with such a solution. Whenlack of a concrete mixer, you can bring a ready-made solution. It is implemented by construction organizations with delivery to the site. So, without much effort, it will be possible to pour the foundation during the day.
- For greater strength and stability of the foundation, it is desirable to compact the concrete layer with a vibrator. Then all the cracks will be filled with the mixture, and the base will become reliable and durable. In the absence of a vibrator, simply pierce the solution with a rebar. This will release excess air from the mixture, filling the gaps between the gravel and sand.
- It is important to wait for the solution to dry completely. If time permits, it is better to let the foundation stand for 1 year. During this period, it will gradually harden. It becomes 90% stronger a month after pouring. It is not recommended to start building walls earlier. In wet conditions, you need to wait longer so that the cement can harden as much as possible.
- In order for the level of the foundation to rise above the ground, for its construction, formwork is built from boards. Sometimes plinth construction is practiced. To do this, you need a silicate brick.
Building walls
When the foundation has settled, gained strength, it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing on it using a rolled roofing material around the entire perimeter of the foundation. When we reach the corner, we lay the roofing material with an overlap. Continuing the construction of a brick house with our own hands, we begin laying walls. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian climate, which can be quite harsh in winter, it is customary to lay the thickness of the walls in 2 bricks in length.
Sometimes1.5 bricks are allowed if the budget is limited. But in this case, the building will not be so protected from the cold.
Preparing the necessary inventory
Housing construction work will require the mandatory use of construction tools such as:
- trowel;
- building level, the length of which is up to 0.5 m;
- water or laser level to check the parameters of angles and diagonals in the house;
- cord to navigate the height of the brick row;
- hammer;
- trowel to fix the brick;
- plumb line for additional control of the level of walls and corners vertically,
- brick jointing, for facing external bricks;
- a concrete mixer and buckets to prepare cement mortar in them.
Secrets of experienced builders
Professionals know some important secrets of making quality concrete. Now you will know them too. Builders add shampoo or detergent in small amounts. Then the texture of the solution will become more elastic, and it will not harden so quickly. Masters say that laying bricks on such a solution takes less time. Therefore, the walls will grow faster.
Laying walls also requires certain knowledge from the master:
- You have to start from the corner.
- Put the first row of bricks on the mortar in the corners using a hydraulic or laser level.
- Pull the string from corner to corner on top of the bricks.
- To adjust masonryuse hammer and level.
- The use of mortar should not be economical, a trowel is used to remove residues.
- There should be a 1–1.2 cm thick seam between the bricks.
- The jointing method is used for facing bricks. It is made with wet mortar.
- New rows of bricks must be checked vertically and horizontally, not forgetting window openings.
- The laying of the last row of bricks must be especially careful and even, so that the roof lays beautifully on it.
Laying the roof
Before blocking the built house, it is necessary to provide waterproofing of the walls. To do this, you need rolls of roofing material. Next, a layer of Mauerlat is created from a beam 50 by 100-150 mm thick. Dowels are used to fix it.
Roofs can be of different types:
- single slope;
- gable;
- four-slope;
- broken lines;
- attic.
Most often, gable roofs are preferred. The beams are laid on the Mauerlat at a distance of 70 to 90 cm. Nails or self-tapping screws and a metal corner 100 by 100 mm are used to fix the beams. You will need to attach the truss system.
Start from the front side. A cord-level is used to set the rafters. Then the building will be symmetrical.
Things to consider
Roof slope should be 45º. It is important that the length of the roof frame is 30 - 40 cm longer than the walls. This will help protect the walls from water, which willrun off the roof. A layer of waterproofing is also laid on the frame. Sheathing of the finished frame is carried out with plank waterproofing. The thickness of the boards should be 25 mm. To nail the boards, you will need nails, the length of which is 80 - 90 mm. As a roofing material, a layer is used:
- slate;
- Ondulina;
- soft roof;
- metal profile;
- metal tiles.
The best brick houses are built using metal roofing tiles. Such sheets are laid from the bottom up. When the roof is laid, it remains to fasten the skate. For sewing with a pediment, ordinary boards or brickwork are used.
Insulation of a brick house in the roof area can be made of mineral wool, laid in a dense layer on waterproofing. So the house can be insulated with high quality.
Summarize
To build a house with your own hands, it is important to think through everything to the smallest detail. This task is not easy, but it is quite feasible. So you can arrange housing according to your preferences.
The stages of construction are as follows:
- Planning.
- Laying the foundation.
- Masonry walls.
- Window installation.
- Roof decking.
All these steps need to be calculated, to consider what building materials you prefer to use. Calculate the estimate and decide. But it is important not to save on pouring a high-quality and durable foundation. Since the durability of the entire future structure will depend on this.
Detailed description of alloperations proposed in this article will help the novice builder to successfully complete the task.
