Probably, it is difficult to find people who would not dream of such real estate as a garden house, but in a simple way - a dacha. This is a country house for urban residents, where you can have a great vacation, weekends, communicate with nature, combine business with pleasure, because what kind of summer house can be without fruit trees, shrubs, beds with vegetables. As a result, in addition to recreation, the owners of such plots save their budget thanks to grown vegetables and fruits.
As a rule, the garden house is not used for permanent residence. This is a temporary habitat, more seasonal. Although the current opportunities in construction, insulation, and heating systems make it possible to live in the country and in the cold season.
Varieties of garden houses
Dachas are built according to their choice, having decided on the purpose of the building, the financial capabilities of the developer and taking into account the area where the foundation will be laid. This is the state of the soil, and climatic conditions. Modern dachas can be varied: from the simplest, in the form of small wooden houses, tocomplex structures consisting of 2 or more floors, with gazebos and attics, with a garage, kitchen and other utility rooms. Economy class garden houses are built using wood material. This is OSB board, plywood, board.
If funds allow, then you can not engage in construction, do not waste time and effort. It is enough to contact the developers, and they will do everything themselves, from the project of a garden house to its construction, handing it over to the customer on a turnkey basis. This path is much more expensive, because you need to pay for all the services of builders, and this costs a lot of money. But, if you have the necessary skills and abilities, you can build a garden house with your own hands. At the same time, serious money is saved and there is satisfaction from one's own work.
Building a garden house starts with planning. The number of rooms, the location of doors and windows, the size of utility rooms are important aspects for future comfortable rest. Thus, a project of a garden house is being drawn up. You can find ready-made solutions in the form of a plan, with a description of the dimensions, materials and costs. You can develop it yourself, taking into account your wishes. Having decided on the plan, you should start marking the foundation on the site. To do this, use a long cord, tape measure, instruments for measuring angles and level.
Laying the foundation
The foundation is the basis of the entire building, the reliability of the future structure depends on a well-calculated and correctly laid foundation. It bears the entire load: from the walls to the roof, including the futurefurniture and people who will live in this room. Therefore, the calculation and laying of the foundation must be taken with full responsibility.
Building walls
Walls can be made from various building materials: brick, aerated concrete, cinder block, wood. For the simplest house with the use of wood, you will need to build a frame. Consider the construction of an economy-class garden house using aerated concrete as an example.
Aerated concrete blocks are made by mixing aluminum powder, quartz sand, water, quicklime, cement. When these components are combined, a reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of oxygen in the form of bubbles. This mixture is placed in molds and subjected to heat treatment. The blocks obtained in this way are distinguished by sufficient strength with little weight. They are easily processed with a hacksaw and aerated concrete planer. Given that the dimensions of aerated concrete blocks exceed the dimensions of bricks, construction is significantly accelerated. Due to the low weight of the material, the load on the foundation is reduced. With a beautiful and professional wall laying, you can not plaster.
Before laying the first row, prepare the base. For this we use roofing material. It performs the functions of a hydro-barrier.
Laying the first row should be given special attention, since all subsequent rows will rely on it. After laying a layer of mortar on the base, lay the block and carefully align it vertically and horizontally with a level, cord and rubber mallet. If you need to change the size of the block, you can cut it off with a hacksaw. With this laying, an adhesive specially designed for aerated concrete is used. This composition is applied to the surface of the block with a carriage, leveled with a spatula with a comb. When laying the rows, it is worth remembering the bundle with reinforcing mesh. It, as a rule, fits in the first row, then in every fourth, in door and window openings. In the last rows, a reinforced annular belt is produced. The laying of each row starts from the corners, and this is important for proper formation.
If the plastering of the walls outside is not provided, then it should be done in advance, along fresh seams, to perform jointing (decorative seam). For this, a special chute is used. Seams are treated with sealant both indoors and outdoors.
Overlapping the cottage
When installing the floor, it is worth considering the operating conditions: possible climatic influences (gusts of wind, squalls), whether they will walk on the roof, the load in the form of precipitation (areas with a lot of snow), the presence of an insulated attic. According to the material of manufacture, it is possible to distinguish: wooden floors and with the use of reinforced concrete. By design: monolithic (concrete slabs) and prefabricated. The beam structure has less weight and cost, it is easily assembled from metal and wooden bars without the use of lifting mechanisms, only by human muscle strength.
The use of a heavy monolithic structure will entail the involvement of a crane, other GPMs, and, accordingly, additional costs and increasedload on the foundation and load-bearing walls.
Roofing
To cover today, the industry introduces a range of lightweight, durable, sleek materials:
- slate;
- tile;
- metal tile;
- shingles;
- roofing iron.
It makes no sense to enumerate the full list, it will seem endless. The choice depends entirely on the desire of the developer and is provided for by the design of the garden house. Having chosen the necessary material, you need to remember: under almost all roofing elements, a grate is installed using vapor barrier materials, the so-called vapor film. It serves to prevent the penetration of moisture vapor to the roofing material. Therefore, its application is considered mandatory.
Landscape design
And now, a garden house built with his own hands. After the completion of construction, all internal landscaping work, the creation of plumbing and electrical communications, it is worth paying attention to such a factor as design. This includes the arrangement of garden paths, the placement of decorative flower beds, flower beds and much more, which will positively affect rest and leisure activities. What cottage can do without barbecue? In this case, it is worth considering providing a brazier, a smokehouse - from the simplest portable brazier to beautifully designed stationary installations. It all depends on the desire, needs and capabilities of the summer resident.
