Approximately 25 million new vehicles are added to the world's roads every year. Therefore, the issue of parking, and especially in large cities, is actually very acute. The profitability of the enterprise depends to a large extent on how convenient parking will be near a particular commercial building or shopping center. The most convenient for car owners is, of course, automatic multi-level parking.
Main varieties
Parking can be organized in cities at the moment:
- ground and underground;
- planar and multilevel;
- capital and prefabricated.
Each of these varieties in one case or another can be the most convenient. Ground parking lots are built when there is enough free space near the shopping center or other commercial facility. Underground objects of this purpose are usually equipped with a lack of space near a business building or a residential building.
Prefabricated parking lots are built most oftenif necessary, save time and start making a profit from attracting customers or customers as soon as possible. Such facilities are much cheaper than capital ones, and therefore allow savings at the initial stage of development of any business.
Automatic and mechanical parking
All types of parking existing in the modern world are classified not only by the place of organization, design and method of assembly. Any parking, among other things, can be automatic or mechanical. Of course, the construction and arrangement of objects of the first type is usually more expensive. However, in operation, automatic parking is actually much more convenient than mechanical parking. Such objects have really just a huge number of advantages.
This type of flat car parks can be equipped with such equipment as automatic cash desks for accepting payments and identifier stands. Similar elements are also used in multi-storey parking lots. However, in this case, the list of equipment includes several more technically much more complex and expensive devices.
Multi-level car parks
Automated parking of this type are considered the most convenient. Actually, multi-level parking itself has a number of advantages in comparison with flat parking. These include the opportunity:
- assemblies in the most convenient places for customers;
- placing a large number of cars in a limited area.
In terms of saving space infeatures convenient multi-level underground parking. Such structures are usually assembled directly under buildings. And therefore, they do not take up any useful space on the surface at all.
By design, multi-storey car parks can be automatic or semi-automatic. The most convenient is, of course, the first type of parking.
Automatic multi-level car parks
In addition to the standard equipment - cash registers and identification systems, such parking lots also use special mechanisms that allow cars to be lifted to empty places without human intervention. The "stuffing" of multi-level parking includes, among other things, a control computer system and various scanners and sensors.
Types of automatic multi-level parking
Parking lots of this type are classified as:
- Tower. Such a multi-level parking is primarily compact. Pallets with cars in the parking lot of this variety are located around a massive tower. The capacity of such parking lots can be about 70 cars per 50 m2.
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Conveyor. Parking lots of this type usually consist of three or more levels. Cars on them can move both vertically and horizontally. The most appropriate is the construction of conveyor parking in small and medium areas.
- Robotic. Such parking lots usually occupy large spaces and are complex.designs. They use special transport robots as the main equipment.
Semi-automatic multi-storey car parks
Parking places of this type work a little differently. In this case, the driver himself drives onto the pallet. After the engine is turned off and the driver leaves the facility, the platform with the car is moved, resulting in free space for a new car.
This type of car park equipment is used as follows:
- scanners that determine the weight and dimensions of the machine;
- computer system looking for free seats;
- lifting mechanisms.
Benefits
In addition to increased comfort for drivers, the possibility of saving space and ease of maintenance, multi-level parking, the photos of which are presented on the page, also have the following advantages:
- reducing the risk of car damage to zero;
- beneficial impact on the environment.
Parking is made in this case without the participation of people. The work of the mechanisms themselves is verified with great accuracy. And this, in turn, completely eliminates the contact of cars with each other and with objects in the parking lot. The engine of cars parked in this way is running for a minimum amount of time. Consequently, very few harmful substances are emitted into the atmosphere.
Disadvantages of parking
The main disadvantage of multi-storey automatic parking lots is, of course, their dependence on energy supply. In the absence of voltage in the network, the installation of cars, as well as their issuance, unfortunately, can be suspended. Which, of course, will cause dissatisfaction among motorists.
In order to eliminate the risk of stopping the work of lifts and platforms during a power outage, alternative power sources are usually used at such sites. Multi-level parking, the construction plan of which includes the installation of such additional equipment, of course, costs the owner of a commercial building more.
Features of operation
It is certainly very convenient for car enthusiasts to use multi-storey car parks. The time for issuing a car from an automatic parking lot of this type is on average 70-90 seconds. In principle, the presence of personnel is not required at all in fully automated parking lots. However, one or two employees in large parking lots are usually always working. You can contact them in case of any problems.
Construction of multi-level parking: features
The assembly of such a design usually includes several stages:
- project being drafted;
- main or prefabricated supports are installed;
- installation of equipment for automation.
When constructing objects such as multi-levelparking, projects are drawn up taking into account, first of all, future static and dynamic loads on equipment and structural elements. Also, when developing schemes for such structures, of course, the architectural features and style of the building or area in which they will be installed are taken into account.
Parking Requirements
Of course, when assembling such structures, among other things, certain safety standards are observed. So, for example, a multi-level parking cannot exceed 26.5 meters in height. This allows you to equip a maximum of 10-14 tiers of parking. Underground, such a structure can go no more than five levels.
Most modern facilities, one way or another connected with transport and located within the city, have certain requirements regarding noise. Multi-level parking is no exception in this regard. "How to build a parking lot so that it does not become an object that causes discomfort to the population?" - the answer to this question is also regulated by the regulations. The noise level from automatic multi-level parking, according to the rules, should not exceed 60 dB at a distance of 2 meters.
Lighting in parking lots of this type, since they are serviced without human intervention, is usually not provided. However, according to the rules, such facilities must be equipped with emergency lamps.
Parking in Russia and around the world
The popularity of this type of parking is really huge. Some automated multi-level car parks are truly grandiose structures. For example, in Germany in 2000 a city called Autostadt was built. The multi-level parking located here is a real car attraction, which attracts car owners from all over the country to see it.
In Russia, the first automatic parking appeared in 2009 in Moscow. It is located near the Ostankino tower. There are robotic parking lots in St. Petersburg. They are located in the business center Quattro Corti. Their capacity is 128 cars. There are such parking lots in other cities of Russia, for example, in Yekaterinburg and Irkutsk.
Mini modules
Building a vertical automated parking lot is expensive. Collecting large multi-level parking lots (the photos on the page clearly demonstrate the scale of such structures) is expedient, of course, only in very large cities near popular shopping centers, recreation complexes, large hotels and elite residential buildings. But the owners of small commercial facilities can also improve the convenience of parking for their customers if they wish. All that is needed is to use special rotary mini-modules designed for several cars.
The lifting mechanism at such parking lots consists of two contours of roller chains, between which platforms for cars are suspended. In case ofpower cuts in such devices, it is possible to move cars manually. Such systems are controlled by specially trained operators.
Multi-level open mobile parking allow you to install 7-12 cars where previously there were no more than two. The assembly of such structures at the same time requires a minimum amount of effort, financial costs and time.
