The accumulation of water on the roof can cause the destruction of the layers of the coating, and as a result of this, this part of the structure may become completely unusable. To prevent this, a metal drain is provided in the roof structure to remove accumulated moisture. In the absence of this system, destruction can occur not only of the roof covering, but also of other elements of the building, such as the foundation and walls. High-quality assembly and installation of the drainage system will ensure a long service life of the entire structure.
Gutter system materials
The drainage system of the premises is made from different types of building materials. Moreover, each type of raw material has both positive and negative properties. The metal gutter is the most common design for protectionmost types of buildings. When choosing materials, it is a good idea to take into account the following information:
- Steel with galvanized surface is of low cost. However, it has a number of disadvantages, for example, the surface is subject to various influences, corrosion after some time during operation.
- Pre-painted galvanized steel is resistant to corrosion but is expensive.
- Plastic is inexpensive, durable and easy to install. But at the same time, several facts must be taken into account. For example, it is very important to design a plastic drainage system in such a way that there is no stagnant water, since at low temperatures this can lead to the destruction of pipes. In addition, during installation, it is necessary to use special sealants and gaskets for connection.
- Copper drains are corrosion resistant and have a beautiful appearance. The disadvantages of such elements include high cost and fragility to the effects of deformation of a different nature.
Calculation of the drainage system
If the choice fell on metal gutters, the prices of which depend on the diameter of the pipe and processing during production, then the design calculations are carried out as follows. At the same time, it is taken into account that such a system has several elements:
- outflow channels equipped with couplings and supporting devices;
- device for receiving water;
- devices designed to rotate the outlet channels;
- drainage pipes with fixtures and fittings.
When performing the calculation, the diameter of the drainage channels and the number of devices for receiving water are taken as the main parameter. As a rule, the number of funnels is taken equal to the number of roof corners. But with a large coverage area and a small number of roof angles, this value is designed more.
The calculation of the system is usually carried out by specialists who will provide the best option for the device of such a system with high-quality data. However, such a calculation can be made independently if you know the following points:
- For buildings and premises with a small roofing area, use the appropriate dimensions of the parts. So, with an area not exceeding 70 m2, pipes with a diameter of 50–75 mm are used, and the dimensions of the outlet channels are 70–115 mm.
- For premises with a roof area not exceeding 100 m2, pipes with a diameter of 75–100 mm and outlet channels with a width of 115–130 mm are used.
- Channels with a width of 140–200 mm and pipes with a diameter of 90–160 mm are used for roofs with an area of more than 100 m22.
When installing a metal drain, you need to provide for the correct slope. With an insufficient angle of inclination, the channel will be filled with water, and with an excessive angle, the funnel will not be able to cope with the flow of water. The optimal slope value is 2–4 mm per meter.
Gutter system installation
The quality of the structure largely depends on how the metal gutters are installed, the installation of which has several nuances. These works can be done independently, but it would be nice to know a few principles:
- The system should be installed prior to roofing.
- The brackets are fastened to the element of the end of the roof or to the base of the rafters. It is also necessary to provide additional connection elements at the corners of channels and funnels. In this case, it is necessary to install the gutters so that the edge of the roof falls in the middle of the channels. In this case, during heavy rainfall, the water will not go beyond the edge of the channels.
- To properly slope the gutters, you need to know the position of the first and last bracket. By installing these two fasteners and stretching a rope between them, they create a guide line for the remaining channels. On it perform the rest of the fastening. The gutter structure is fixed to the brackets with the help of plates.
- Assembly and fastening of the elements of the drainage system drain. The pipe must be fixed at a distance of 3–8 cm from the wall, this will ensure that the surface of the walls is protected from moisture. At the same time, a fastening step of -1.5 m is provided, and the number of funnels is calculated taking into account that one element falls on 10 m of the channel or 100 m2 of the roof area.
Metal drain will provide long-term service and excellent protection to the building. At the same time, this design fits perfectly into the external interior of any building.
