In modern life, we very rarely think about how water comes to our house, how it appears in the tap and where it goes. We just use it and we love it.
Probably as it should be. It is not at all necessary for a person to think about which pipe delivers cold and which hot water. But when repairing outdated pipes in the bathroom, if you decide that the pipes in the bathroom should be done in the new house with your own hands or by a master invited for this, it is better to know the technology of this process. If not thoroughly, then at least its main points. Otherwise, how do you know that the correct piping in the bathroom is done in your house?
Water supply schemes
There are various water supply schemes. In urban-type apartments, water usually comes from the general city water supply network - both cold and hot. In modern life, there are also such options when water is supplied to the house from a well or a well. In this case, to heat waterinstalling a water heater.
Water pipes have a certain capacity, and a very large number of consumers cannot be connected to the system (everyone has encountered a situation: the pressure of cold water decreases sharply when using the shower, when water is drawn into the washing machine or the toilet is flushed). To avoid this situation, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes or install a compensation valve. It is also necessary to know that an increase in water consumption will lead to an increase in the volume of sewage. This means that the modernization of the water supply system may lead to changes in the sewerage system.
As a rule, water is supplied to an apartment or house through a riser. Depending on the number of consumers, it can be from ¾ to 1 inch for a private house, and 2 inches for a multi-storey house. Further from the riser, water is supplied directly to consumers through internal distribution pipes, they are usually ¼-½ inch in diameter (depending on the amount of water consumed).
Calculation of parameters of sanitary equipment
If you do the wiring in the bathroom with your own hands, then you need to carefully calculate their diameter. This parameter of both water supply and sewer systems is calculated in the same way (in relative units).
Water consumption for the main types of sanitary equipment is shown in the table.
| Equipment | Water consumption (relative units) | Minimumpipe diameter, inch |
| Toilet | 3 | 1/2 |
| Sink | 1 | 1/2 |
| Shower cabin | 2 | 1/2 |
|
Bath |
2 | 1/2 |
| Washing machine | 3 | 1/2 |
Calculation of parameters of sewer pipes is shown in the following table:
| Pipe diameter, inch | Stock volume (rel. units) | Maximum length of non-ventilated horizontal outlet, m | Maximum hood diameter, inch |
| 1 ¼ | 1 | 0, 7 | 1 ¼ |
| 1 ½ | 3 | 1 | 1 ½ |
| 2 | 6 | 1, 55 | 1 ½ |
| 3 | 20 |
2 |
2 |
| 4 | 150 | 3 | 3 |
Selection of materials
Pipes can be metal(steel, cast iron, copper), metal-plastic, metal-polymer, polypropylene. For a water supply system, the most common type of pipe is steel. They can be welded or seamless. Available with and without anti-corrosion coating. Galvanized pipes do not require painting, priming and other protective measures, except for areas where the protective layer is broken. When connecting such pipes with steel fittings, anti-corrosion treatment is preliminarily carried out. For threaded connections of pipes transporting cold and hot water (t - 100 degrees C), linen strand is the material for sealing. It should be impregnated with red lead or whitewash mixed with natural drying oil. An alternative is to seal the joint with FUM tape. It is wound in the direction of the thread in three or four layers, depending on the diameter of the pipe.
Do-it-yourself piping in the bathroom
In terms of do-it-yourself work, metal-polymer or polypropylene pipes are preferred. It does not matter whether open or hidden piping is done in the bathroom. You must first make a drawing. Calculate the number of pipes of one or another diameter, couplings, elbows, tees, various fasteners, ball valves, clips for pipe fastening.
Pipe connection
Metal pipes are connected by welding or threaded connection using couplings. Metal-plastic - by crimping using a special hydraulic tool that guarantees a quality connection. metal-plasticthe pipe is cut with special scissors, easily bent by hand. Conductor springs are used to obtain small radius bends, and a significant amount of squares are also saved.
When connecting a pipe to a fitting, it is necessary to cut off a piece of the desired length, chamfer inside it, put a union nut, split ring and fitting on the pipe, tighten the nut with a wrench, the pipe will be crimped on the fitting.
The wiring of polypropylene pipes is done by welding fragments with a soldering iron, trying not to overheat it, since you can solder the inner hole tightly. Various tees (45 and 90 degrees), couplings, elbows are used.
All connections must be accessible in case of repair with both a soldering iron and wrenches.
Installation order
Pipes begin to be installed after meters, stopcocks and water filters are installed. The sequence of connecting devices in the scheme of both hot and cold water supply should be as follows: inlet ball valve, meter, coarse water filter, fine filter (preferably), collapsible splitter with ball valves for each direction, collapsible pipes, final water consumption device.
Coarse water filters are necessary to prevent clogging of pipes and terminal devices with large fragments (sand, rust particles, scale, other inclusions). From a large number of types of filters, it is better to choose one that is washed with running water with the discharge of filtered ingredients into the sewerstock.
For each plumbing fixture, faucet, toilet tank, shower cabin, washing machine, water heater, its own ball valve is installed. It comes in handy if something needs to be repaired. You do not have to shut off all the water entering the apartment. It is enough to turn off the water in the place necessary for the repair.
After the piping is finished, make sure there is no leakage. To do this, you need to turn on, first of all, cold water for 10-15 minutes, and then check for drops or leaks in threaded connections, in places of welding, crimping, in places where flexible tubes and hoses are present. If there are leaks, then the shortcomings must be eliminated. The hot water piping should then undergo the same training.
Hidden wiring
There are two options for piping in the bathroom: open and hidden.
Do-it-yourself piping in the bathroom is easier in the open version in a sequential way, when all plumbing fixtures are connected with one pipe in series one after another. Such wiring does not always suit the owners, since all pipes remain in sight.
Hidden wiring involves the location of pipes in the recesses of the walls, and after checking the tightness of the wiring, covering these recesses with an external coating (for example, tiles) or plastering makes the pipes invisible. The difficulty lies in the fact that the gating of walls for hidden wiring inload-bearing walls cannot be carried out. Pipes can only be connected in accessible places. The main pipeline inside the wall must be integral. Pipes that are walled up in the wall are placed inside the corrugated hoses to protect them from mechanical damage during thermal expansion (in the hot water supply system) and to protect them from condensate (for cold water).
The complexity of this option is justified by the fact that the piping in the bathroom is not visible. The photo illustrates the neat appearance of the bathroom.
