Under the ornament you need to understand the decoration that is necessary to fill the free space on objects. He acts as one of the types of creativity, which is not indicated separately, but decorates the products. The ornament is presented as a complex artistic structure, which includes: color, texture, special lines. Be sure to use natural motifs in the form of a bending of the stem, a patterned leaf, etc. The concept of "ornament" is interconnected with such a concept as decor, which does not exist in a separate form. What are baroque ornaments?
Baroque style
How does baroque ornament appear? Baroque is an artistic style that originated in Italy and spread to many European countries from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century. The name of the style comes from the Portuguese "irregular pearl".
The ornament is characterized by its originality and picturesqueness. It preserved some motifs of Greek and Roman art. Figures are used in ornamentshalf-animals and half-humans, various garlands of flowers, a combination of the symbolic sun with lilies and shells occurs.
Late Baroque (second half of the 17th century) is characterized by symmetry. It imitates architecture in the form of columns, balustrades and consoles. At this time, the decor is rich, but heavy and majestic.
Ornamental motifs
What are baroque ornaments and patterns? In addition to classical acanthus, the ornament consists of cartouches, shells, floor lamps and flower vases. There are a variety of garlands, arabesques, cornucopias and musical instruments that are lavishly framed and arranged symmetrically.
On the baroque ornaments of the picture you can see the following: outlandish flowers of an unusual shape, twigs and leaves of plants, sheaves with ears of corn and many other drawings. They were then placed on fabrics.
Baroque ornament in the states of Western Europe
What baroque ornaments were used during this period? Initially, this style was applied in the sculpture and architecture of churches and for a long time kept certain features of the Renaissance.
The greatest flourishing of the Baroque falls on the middle of the XVIII century. By this period, he covers all areas of artistic activity. The style entered construction (church, civil), fabrics, clothing, weapons and jewelry.
The general focus of the Baroque is the decorative decoration of the home and the decoration of things. The main goal was to create mystical splendor, to create a feeling of living and active force. It wasnecessary for the needs of the Catholic Church. In this style, churches served to glorify the power of Catholicism with the help of architecture, sculpture, painting, etc. The most widespread baroque spread in those countries where the traditions of Catholics were strong - in Italy, France and Spain.
Gradually, this style embraced the palaces of kings and nobles. Baroque in many countries was to the taste of the monarchs, allowing them to ex alt their superiority. In a more simplified form, the style spread to rural and urban residents.
Baroque ornament in Russia
What baroque ornaments were used in Russia? In the second half of the XVIII century. in Russia, especially in furniture, two styles are combined: baroque and rococo. During this period, the famous architects F. Rastrelli, S. I. Chevakinsky and others were busy creating beautiful palaces with luxurious decoration for the rich people of St. Petersburg. Palaces appear in majestic beauty: ceremonial halls, huge mirrors and windows, an abundance of lighting fixtures and candles. All furniture is conceived as a general decorative decoration, which consists of carved armchairs and consoles. It is installed on the sides of the room. The ceremonial halls were considered the center of the palace and were furnished with special luxury, while the living rooms were decorated much more modestly.
In this period, there was a shortage of interior items and furniture in the palaces. They had to be moved from the Winter Palace to the Summer Palace, which made the furniture unusable. This was recalled by Catherine II inhis correspondence.
The use of baroque style in interior decoration
The main type of decor is carving, which was painted in several shades or was gilded.
The walls were covered with silk fabrics with patterns in the form of flowers. Sometimes velvet was used, which was blue, green or crimson. Such walls served as an excellent frame for paintings with gilded frames.
Many mirrors helped visually enlarge the room. The walls had niches containing marble or bronze sculptures.
Colors were presented in vibrant hues. The most used are blue or white with gold and green colors.
Painted ceiling with bright painting. Images of animals, birds, fruits, etc. were applied.
Baroque furniture
What baroque ornaments could be found in furniture? It contained the following features:
- All furniture fronts are devoid of a rectangular outline, which is typical for Renaissance style products.
- In baroque furniture, its surfaces (tabletops) are broken by patterned inlay.
- For the first time in furniture, curved surfaces were used, which were obtained from wood by bending. In expensive products, such forms have cabinet doors, and sometimes side walls of chests of drawers.
- The border symmetry with the correct ornament, which is characteristic of Gothic, is replaced by a free pattern. Furniture is inlaid with ivory, copper, ebony andothers
- The baroque style is characterized by the complex figure of elements such as the legs of tables, chairs and cabinets.
Baroque elements are rarely used in modern furniture. Floral ornaments have gained some distribution, which are used in a simplified form on cabinet doors or on countertops.
Rococo ornament
What do baroque and rococo ornaments have in common? The Rococo style is a late stage in the development of the Baroque, which has always strived for greater freedom and simplicity of composition.
Its name comes from the French "rocaille", which means rock. In the 17th century fountains began to be decorated in the form of fragments of stone blocks, which were covered with plants intertwined in a chaotic manner. This was the beginning of the development of a style whose main property was asymmetry.
In rococo admiration for the art of China, India and Persia is felt, so palm trees, figures of monkeys and dragons can be seen among the ornaments. The style also has a love for nature, but not for its natural beauty, but for artificial.
As before, ancient mythology becomes a source of inspiration. Venus becomes the main figure and everyone who is connected with her by the plot. These are nymphs, cupids.
Thus, in the interweaving of these elements, a new style was born, distinguished by grace and grace.
Classic style
Let's consider the ornament of baroque and classicism. What is the difference? From the end of the 17th century the era of classicism begins. The excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum had a significant influence on the appearance of the style. Againancient art becomes a source of inspiration. However, a new vision of the world is added to classicism.
The ornament takes on balance with clear and crisp straight lines, squares, ovals and rectangles.
Many of the elements that are characteristic of Baroque and Rococo are retained, but there is getting rid of frills and congestion with details.
Many curly compositions are exquisite and full of harmony. Among the favorite motifs: sphinxes, baskets of flowers, lion's head, dolphins, etc.
The ornament of classicism attracts with simple and graceful lines, which is manifested in its similarity with Greek art.
The baroque ornament, with solemnity and dynamism, left its mark on subsequent styles with its unique compositions.
