The modern market today offers a large selection of building materials, among which glued laminated timber is especially popular. It is distinguished by excellent quality, good strength, excellent technical characteristics, ease of installation. For its manufacture, only high-quality wood (pine, spruce, cedar) is used, thanks to which the beam has found wide application not only in private construction.
Large industrial structures are often built from it: warehouse complexes, water parks, skating rinks, swimming pools, etc. The use of this building material cannot be called a budget option, since the cost of one cube is about 50,000 rubles. But, despite this, the number of developers who give preference to him is increasing more and more. In our article, we will consider the features and dimensions of glued beams for building a house.
Use of lumber
Laminated timber is divided into two main categories:
- Building material for building walls. It can be an ordinary timber and its insulated analogue.
- Building material designed for various structures. This includes straight, bent, window laminated timber, floor beams, etc.
Key features
Among the advantages of glued laminated timber, the dimensions of which we will consider later in the article, we can note:
- The presence of high thermal insulation properties and low thermal conductivity, which allows the construction of buildings not to use an additional layer of thermal insulation material, which can significantly save money on insulation.
- This is an environmentally friendly building material, since only high-quality adhesives are used for its production. Glulam is able to maintain optimal indoor humidity and has excellent antiseptic properties.
- Buildings made from this lumber have a long service life.
- The structure retains its geometric shape for many years and practically does not shrink.
- Due to the processing of special materials, glued laminated timber is characterized by increased fire resistance.
- Strength and seismic resistance make it possible to use this lumber for the construction of houses almost throughout Russia.
Sizeglued and profiled timber
This lumber must fully comply with the requirements of GOST, SNiP and working drawings, which are accepted in the prescribed manner. When building a house, the size of the glued beam is of no small importance.
Under the linear dimensions of the material is understood, first of all, it:
- height;
- width;
- length.
In this case, the cross section of the material can be:
- rectangular;
- square;
- multifaceted.
If it is a square building material, for example, the size of glued laminated timber is 50x50, they often say "thickness" because these parameters are the same.
Standard Sizes
GOST 17580-92 contains the main technical characteristics, regulatory data and descriptions of glued beams. GOST 20850-84 includes additional requirements for this lumber.
According to the specified regulations, manufacturers offer the following sizes of glued laminated timber (values are indicated for profiled and non-profiled timber):
- width - 8-38 cm;
- height - 8-24 cm;
- length - from 1 to 12 m.
Size of spruce and pine timber:
- width - 8-28 cm;
- length - 6-12 m;
- height – 13.5-27 cm.
Depending on the appearance of the planned supporting structure, choose the type of beam section: oval, rectangular, etc.
The cross section of this material is taken with a given linkage, i.e. That is, the calculation takes into account: assortment, machining, allowances. It is worth remembering that the thickness of the timber for the walls must be chosen according to the climatic conditions of the region, so that comfortable and optimal conditions for living are created in the room. The minimum diameter of logs for sawing into timber is 190 mm.
Beam size according to specifications
Since glued laminated timber is made by gluing individual boards (lamellas), its size can vary significantly. That is why, when considering the range of different manufacturers, you may be faced with the fact that many of them have their own size range of products. This makes it easy to choose the thickness that best suits the construction. Moreover, it is possible to manufacture glued beams of non-standard sizes.
Size Requirements
Sufficiently stringent requirements are imposed on glued beams. Since this material is used not only for the construction of the main load-bearing elements of buildings, but also for the beam and rafter system of floors. The beam must withstand significant vertical loads well, endure various environmental influences (not rot, ignite, etc.). In addition, it must be durable.
For these purposes, a typical beam is excellent, the cross section of which is at least 1/16 of the span width. The optimal dimensions of glued laminated timber for a winter home:
- section - 18x20 cm, 16x20 cm, 20x20 cm;
- beam length 6 and 12, 5 m.
This is an ideal material for the construction of private houses of any size, despite the relatively high cost. You can live in them, and at the same time heal yourself, because natural wood in housing creates a unique and he althy microclimate.
In winter it is always very warm in such a house, and in the summer heat it is cool. All this saves money on heating, so using that material is very profitable.
Scope of timber, based on its size
Lot owners must choose how thick the glulam should be. The thicker the lumber, the better its thermal performance will be. But at the same time, the cost of more massive products is much higher.
As noted in the instructions, the height of the beams practically does not affect their characteristics. Only the number of crowns in a house made of high timber is less. Such a house will look a little better, but the cost of building it will be a little higher.
The main requirement for the length of the elements is their integrity, i.e. there must be no joints of parts for the initial crown and wall framing before the construction of interfloor and attic floors.
Scope of lumber according to TU according to its dimensions:
- Wall: 14×16, 14×24, 14×20, 17×20, 14×28, 17×16, 17×24, 17×28 cm.
- For floor beams: width from 95 to 260 mm, height from 85 to 1120 mm,
- Glued laminated timber for window size: 80x80, 82 by 86 and 82 by115 mm.
Wood species for the manufacture of glued beams
Glued laminated timber can be made from one type of wood or combined from two types. The main raw materials for the production of this building material are relatively inexpensive coniferous trees - spruce and pine.
Under the order for the manufacture of glued laminated timber can also be used such coniferous and deciduous trees as:
- fir;
- cedar;
- oak;
- linden;
- larch;
- birch;
- alder.
Glulam weight
In the production of composite beams, chamber drying of all components is of great importance. Due to this, their weight is much less than that of solid wood counterparts. On average, the weight of one cubic meter of glued laminated timber can range from 430 to 480 kg. And one cube of edging material, which has natural moisture, is about 700 kg.
In this case, almost the same wood is used, which has the same density. The significant difference in weight can be explained by the careful drying of this raw material. In the glued analogue, the percentage of moisture is about 8%, and in solid wood products it is close to 20%.
Profile timber
Manufacturers produce not only smooth glued laminated timber, but also an analogue that has a locking longitudinal connection. In this case, the shape of the profile is different.
There are two main types of basic profile joints of wooden beams: Finnish and Swedish. It was they who becamethe basis for the invention of a large number of intermediate conjugations: “double”, “comb”, “triple”, etc.
Conclusion
So, we have considered what are the sizes of glued beams. Both small-sized lumber 50x50 mm, intended for furniture, and its more massive wall counterpart, for example, 25x25 cm, are of equally excellent quality. Glulam is used today for many tasks, from building houses to making furniture.
