Any gardener dreams of getting a luxurious harvest. However, it often happens that a couple of days after planting, the tomatoes become covered with spots, the leaves turn brown, curl. All work is wasted! The root cause is hidden in late blight. The disease can threaten plantings not only in the greenhouse, but also in open soil.
The spores themselves have every chance of wintering in the ground. It turns out that the fight must begin with the disinfection of the soil. The question of how to process a plantation occupies almost all gardeners. What is preferable to purchase and how to cultivate the land from phytophthora: chemicals, bioresources, or turn to popular methods? We will try to figure out how to accurately and competently till the soil in order to save the tomato crop from phytophthora.
Light blight
In order for the war with the enemy to have a productive outcome, it must be known by sight. For this reason, it is important to have at least a shallow knowledge of the disease and how to cultivate the land from phytophthora. Not so long ago it was classified as a fungus. However, experts foundthat this is a special category of mycelial parasitic bacteria. Their habitat is nightshade crops, for this reason, areas of their cultivation need to be processed from time to time.
Oomycetes are mainly present in the spore phase. They parasitize in diseased plants and soil. As soon as the air temperature becomes more than +25 degrees, they begin to develop intensively. Their future generations are thrown into a drop of water. Moreover, spores have every chance to move through the air by wind and precipitation. For this reason, it is quite difficult to exclude the presence of phytophthora in tomatoes.
As a rule, tomato disease is activated in July and August, if the daily temperature changes are more pronounced. If the weather is dry, the development of phytophthora is inhibited.
The disease affects not only tomatoes, but also other crops. Bacteria fall to the ground, where they have every chance to stay for a long time, until suitable conditions are created. Colds are not able to eliminate microspores either on plant remains or in the soil.
Symptomatics
This fungal disease has specific symptoms. Dark places appear on the leaves, fruits, they grow rapidly, destroying the crop and the plants themselves. Dark places are considered nothing more than mold colonies. In the right circumstances, it multiplies rapidly, and then it is transmitted from garden to garden, destroying the crop.
A vegetable grower should know how to cultivate the land from phytophthora. Appropriate chemicals should be used, the affected plants should be targeted, and the soil should be worked on to increase the plant's natural defenses.
Root Causes
The emergence of phytophthora in areas can provoke:
- Soils with excessive liming promote the growth of fungi.
- Most summer residents are afraid of soil oxidation, for this reason, by all means they strive to saturate it with lime, which becomes the most common cause of late blight. Therefore, it is so important to know how to cultivate the land after late blight tomato in the fall.
- Very dense plantings complicate the ventilation of greenhouses, close the access of air to plants in open areas. And for the existence of fungal spores, a wet greenhouse environment is perfect.
- Sudden temperature fluctuations, relevant for the end of the summer season, when hot days often lead to quite cold nights. During this period, as a rule, a large amount of dew falls, becoming an additional source of moisture for dark rot.
- Plants exhausted by ripening lose their immunity.
- The lack of the necessary components (potassium, iodine, manganese) significantly increases the possibility of late blight.
Therefore, before cultivating the land from phytophthora, it is necessary to saturate it with microelements.
Popular ways
Since it is almost impossible to completely get rid of late blight of tomatoes, you need to think aboutprecautionary measures. First of all, eliminate plant fragments, and secondly, disinfect.
How to cultivate the land in autumn from phytophthora and how? There are 3 main technologies:
- agrotechnical;
- biological;
- chemical.
Agricultural rules
Since phytophthora spores have every chance of living in the soil for a couple of years, you must adhere to certain rules and know how to cultivate the land after phytophthora tomato in the fall:
- Observe crop rotation.
- Don't plant tomatoes next to potatoes.
- It is necessary to plant tomatoes at a distance to give air access. Watering should be plentiful, but the soil should not be brought to a viscous state - these are ideal conditions for late blight spores. Preventive agrotechnical measures must be carried out in the fall after the harvest of tomatoes.
- From the autumn, before cultivating the land from phytophthora, it is necessary to dig up the ridges where the tomatoes grew, using the moldboard method. A piece of soil with spores will be on top. It is necessary to dig, deepening the shovel for a whole bayonet.
- In the spring, before planting tomatoes, the soil can be doused with hot water, adding potassium permanganate to it. If the processing is carried out in the greenhouse, then cover all the windows and doors without exception. A bed in the air is covered with a film.
How to cope with the folk method?
Phytophthora is by no means a new disease, our forefathers knew about it. There was no chemistry back then. Our grandparents came up with their own ways to deal with late blight of tomatoes, which gardeners still use today. If the disease is not very malicious, they will be effective. You can use folk methods as a preventive measure.
One liter of fermented kefir is poured into a bucket of water. They spray the tomatoes and the soil around them.
How to cultivate the land in autumn from late blight of tomatoes yet? Whey may help. Take the same amount of whey and water, spray the soil and plants. You can add a few drops of an antiseptic such as iodine.
Pure straw or hay must be poured with a bucket of water, adding a little urea. The mixture is infused for up to 5 days. Water the soil around the tomatoes every 10 days.
For the solution, take 500 grams of ash, 40 grams of homemade soap (grated), put in a three-liter jar and pour water. After the soap has dissolved, the tomatoes and the garden are sprayed. Aisles can be sprinkled with ash, moisten the soil in advance.
It is good to use skimmed milk (reverse) for tillage and tomatoes. One liter of skim water is poured into a ten-liter watering can, iodine (15 drops) is added. Bring to 10 liters and water the soil under two tomatoes.
What are folk ways good for? It is not necessary to pause between treatments. Similar tools can be combined, alternating the cultivation of tomato and soil.
Biomethods
If the disease is not very rampant, it is possible to confine ourselves to bio-substances. They are not dangerous to the earth, animals and humans. How to cultivate the land after phytophthora in the fall? The most effective are called:
- "Baikal EM-1";
- Baikal EM-5.
They should be brought into the ground two weeks before the arrival of cold weather before digging the soil.
Further biologically active fungicides:
- "Baktofit" and "Trichodermin";
- Planzier and Alirin B;
- Fitosporin, Phytocid M and others.
These substances are used strictly according to the instructions after the soil has been dug up. In early spring, immediately after the snow melts, the procedure must be repeated.
How to cultivate the land after late blight of tomatoes with fungicides? Dissolve the right amount in water and spill to a depth of 10 cm.
"Fitosporin" is used for autumn and spring cultivation of the land from phytophthora. In 10 liters of water add 6 milliliters of the drug. This solution is enough for one square. You can repeat during the period of plant growth.
As part of "Trichodermin" spores and mycelium of the fungus Trichoderma lignorum. Therefore, late blight spores die. For watering plants and soil, 100 milliliters is enough for a ten-liter bucket of water.
Chemistry to help
If agrotechnical methods, folk remedies and biological substances did not help, you need to apply chemistry. Substances with the 3rd or 4th hazard class are suitable for this. Read the manual carefully before chemically treating tomatoes.
How to cultivate the soil from phytophthoraautumn? The earth after digging in the autumn is treated with Bordeaux liquid. For the second time, a similar operation is performed in the spring.
The composition of the substance includes copper sulfate, it disinfects the earth and fills the need for trace elements. Tomatoes are sprayed with Bordeaux substance and the ground is cultivated. Plants can be sprayed every year, soil - once every five years.
You can use 4% copper oxychloride or 2% Oxychoma.
During the tomato transplant period, all the pits are filled with Quadris, Bravo, Hom. Each chemical preparation must be used strictly according to the rules.
Only complex measures can clear the soil from phytophthora. Do not forget that soil cultivation must be done regularly every autumn and spring.
Conclusion
Now you know how to cultivate the land infected with phytophthora in the garden. It is important to decontaminate and cultivate the soil in advance, apply fertilizers correctly and use specialized tools to combat this fungus. Comprehensive measures will give a good result.
