The roof of a house always has a rather complex structure and is assembled from many elements. One of the prerequisites for the long life of the roof is the presence of a ventilation system. Both insulated roofs and “cold” ones should be ventilated in country houses. The ventilation of the roof, of course, must be properly equipped.
Why the roof should be ventilated
During operation, vapors always accumulate in any residential building. After all, the air temperature inside the rear in most cases is higher than outside. Steam in the premises of houses can be formed, for example, when cooking, taking water procedures by residents, etc.
Warm air, as you know, according to the laws of physics, always rises. Together with him, vapors also penetrate into the attic, and then into the under-roofing “pie”. As a result, the slope insulation gets wet and stops performing its functions. That is, the attic or attic of the house becomes cold.
Trafter systems of country houses in most cases are assembled from wooden elements. Rising fromliving quarters, couples can settle not only on the insulation, but also on the rafters, crate, etc. As a result, these elements begin to rot, swell, and crack. This, in turn, causes a reduction in the life of the roof of the house.
In winter, due to high humidity, frost may form on structural elements of a non-ventilated roof. It also contributes to the rapid destruction of wooden elements.
Ventilation project: what varieties can be used
In order to ensure effective ventilation of the roof, different techniques are used. In this case, roof ventilation can be:
- natural;
- forced.
In most cases, ventilation of roofs is carried out in country houses in the first way. Forced ventilation, which is more expensive and difficult to install, is usually installed only on roofs with a very small angle of inclination of slopes or flat ones. Natural ventilation on such roofs is simply impossible.
Also, such systems are often installed on roofs of complex configuration. Air flows in the thickness of the slopes of such roofs often simply cannot overcome many kinks. That is, natural ventilation in this case becomes ineffective. Ventilation during the arrangement of artificial systems is provided using special equipment.
Natural roof ventilation
In this case, when installing the "pie" of the roof, builders simply leave holesfor air flow in the soffits under the roof eaves. At the same time, vents are provided under the ridge through which air escapes.
Certain rules for the installation of such roofs are observed when arranging the "pie". In order for air to circulate in the thickness of the slope, in this case a waterproofing agent is placed in a special way. Mount the roof so that there is a gap of 3-5 cm between this material and the outer skin. Sometimes such an air gap is also provided between the waterproofing and insulation.
Technology for mounting a ventilated "pie" step by step
To ensure effective ventilation under the roof, the slopes of the roofs of country houses are usually sheathed according to the following method:
- From the side of the attic, a sparse wire mesh is stuffed onto the rafters to support the insulation.
- Install mineral wool slabs between the rafters.
- A waterproofing pad with a sag of 2 cm is mounted on top of the cotton wool. This material is not placed under tightness in order to avoid its rupture when the truss system moves. Attach the film to the rafters using 3 cm thick bars;
- The crate is stuffed on the bars.
- Roofing material is attached to the crate.
Air masses with this method of installation will subsequently freely pass between the waterproofing and the skin, drying them. To protect the insulation from the side of the attic, a vapor barrier film is mounted on the slope before installing the finishing material. For its fastening, 3 cm bars are also used. Thus,equip an additional gap.
What equipment can be used when installing a naturally ventilated roof
At the final stage, when assembling such roofs, slope cornices are usually hemmed. In order to ensure the free passage of air masses into the "pie", while the spotlights can be provided:
- one gap along the entire length of the roof 2-2.5 cm wide;
- individual holes 25-10 mm in diameter.
At the same time, such a number of holes are provided in the filing of the eaves so that their total area is equal to 200 m22 per 1 m of length.
Holes under the ridge of the roof in winter in some cases can be clogged with snow. Therefore, recently, for the ventilation of the roof during the construction of buildings, the owners of suburban areas have begun to use special pipes called aerators. Such devices are inexpensive. But at the same time, using them, you can equip the most reliable ventilation.
Installing such pipes is supposed to be no further than 60 cm from the ridge. The optimal distance between the uppermost plane of the roof and the aerators is 15 cm.
Roof with artificial ventilation
In this case, when assembling the "pie" of the roof, a ventilation gap is also left between the waterproofing and the skin. There are holes in the soffits. But next to the ridge, in order to provide artificial ventilation, aerators of a special design are mounted, supplemented by a fan. Such equipment provides forcedairing the "pie", driving the air into the thickness of the slopes.
What tools and materials are needed to install aerators
To install ventilation pipes on the roof you will need:
- marker;
- flat aerator template;
- metal scissors, hacksaw;
- surface degreaser;
- screwdriver;
- roofing screws.
Sealant will also need to be prepared.
How to make ventilation on the roof of the house: mounting fungi on metal tiles
It is best to install such elements in dry weather. In rain, when installing fungi, moisture can get inside the roof cake.
The technology for installing aerators depends primarily on what material was used to cover the slopes. Efficient ventilation of a metal roof, for example, can be achieved using the following technique for installing fungi:
- Marker marks on the roof the installation site of the aerators. The step between these elements along the length of the ridge depends on their throughput and is indicated in the technical data sheet by the manufacturers.
- At the installation sites, apply a template and circle it with a marker. We try to carry out this procedure as accurately as possible. Templates in most cases come with the aerators themselves;
- Using metal shears, cut holes in the roofing material. If a thick roof was used for roof sheathingmetal tile, along the marker contour, you can first drill holes of small diameter. This will make cutting the metal easier.
- The area around the hole is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust. Next, this area is smeared with a degreaser.
- A hole is cut in the aerator casing. Its diameter should be approximately 20% less than the cross section of the pipe itself. The casing must eventually be put on the fungus with an interference fit. Thus, the tightness of the connection will be ensured.
- The pipe is inserted into the casing and the aerator is assembled.
- The edges of the hole in the metal tile are carefully smeared with sealant.
- The aerator is mounted in place. The casing of this element is screwed to the metal tile with self-tapping screws.
At the final stage, the ventilation pipe on the roof is carefully aligned vertically using a building level and fixed in this position. Mushrooms, supplemented with fans, are mounted using the same technology. But in this case, of course, wiring is also extended to the roof slope.
Features of mounting fungi on a soft roof
When arranging roof ventilation of this variety, it is especially important to comply with all the required technologies. The fact is that soft roofing materials can melt with strong heating. Therefore, such a roof should be ventilated as efficiently as possible.
Flexible roof aeratorsmaterial, are installed approximately according to the same technology as on a metal tile. However, in this case, the installation technique has some peculiarities. At the place of installation of fungi on such a roof, the flexible tiles are first dismantled. In roofing material, as in steel sheets, a hole is cut. Next, the fungus is installed according to the technology described above.
After the aerator casing is fixed on the screws, it is carefully smeared with bituminous mastic. Next, a flexible tile is laid on top of the casing and this material is pressed tightly.
How to make roof ventilation: features of mounting aerators on corrugated board
On a roof sheathed with such sheets, fungi can be installed in the same way as on a metal tile. But on such roofs, aerators are sometimes mounted using a slightly different technology. In this case:
- marking is applied at the locations of aerators;
- cut the metal crosswise, bend the resulting "petals" to the slope plane and screw them with self-tapping screws;
- a box knocked down from the boards is brought into the resulting opening and fastened to the elements of the truss system;
- an aerator is installed in the box;
- go through all the remaining gaps with sealant.
Installation of cornice sheathing
Arrangement of ventilation on the roof of the house involves, as already mentioned, not only the installation of aerators. Air must enter the roofing pie during its operation, of course, in a natural way - from below. To do this, it is mandatory when assembling the roofleave holes in the overhang filing.
In many cases, the space under the eaves in our time is closed using special plastic elements - soffits. Such material is initially perforated. That is, builders do not need to perform any additional actions when using it to ensure ventilation of the roofing cake.
Soffits during the installation of roofs in most cases are used when sheathing slopes by professional builders. With the self-assembly of slopes, the owners of private houses for this purpose often still use an ordinary edged board. When filing the cornice with your own hands, roof ventilation is, of course, also necessary. To do this, in the boards before sheathing the slope, private traders usually simply drill holes with a step stipulated by the regulations.
You can do the same when sheathing overhangs with your own hands with clapboard. However, holes can, of course, somewhat spoil the appearance of this aesthetic material. Therefore, the lamellas of the lining when sheathing the eaves are still more often simply installed at a small distance from each other. Subsequently, when using this technique, air enters the slope into the gaps between the boards. The gap between the lining slats when using this technology should be left at about 5-10 mm.
When using lumber for the eaves, among other things, it is desirable to leave a hole in the skin from the side of the front board. This will make ventilation on the roof of a private house even more efficient. To under the eaves infurther birds or small animals could not get in, the holes near the frontal board at the final stage should be closed with a grate.
In some cases, when assembling the roof of houses, cornice overhangs can also be hemmed with corrugated board. In this case, a gap must be provided between such sheets and the wall of the house to ensure ventilation. That is, such a sheathing should not be brought up to the facades a little. The width of the gap between the wall and corrugated eaves should be equal to the wave height of the latter.
How to bring ventilation to the roof
Of course, in any private house, not only slopes, but also the attic and the interiors themselves should be ventilated. Ventilation in suburban residential buildings can also be equipped both natural and forced. But in both of these cases, ventilation is provided to the roof. That is, the pipe that removes dirty air from the premises to create traction is displayed on the slope next to the ridge.
The riser or ventilation sleeve through the roof, of course, must also be carried out correctly. The outlet pipe installation technology in this case will look like this:
- the outlet sleeve is pulled into the attic and brought to the ramp;
- a hole is made in the slope through the insulation, waterproofing and roofing material;
- a special passage assembly is inserted into the hole;
- from the side of the attic a pipe joins it;
- a fungus pipe is being mounted on the roof slope.
Knotthe passage when removing ventilation to the roof is also installed in the ceiling. The use of such elements allows you to make the gasket as quickly as possible.
The ventilation pipe that discharges the exhaust air in country houses is usually removed directly next to the ridge. In this case, according to the standards, it should rise above it by at least 50 cm.
The air flow in the ventilation systems of country houses is provided by another line. For its installation, holes are made not in the roof, but in the walls. At the same time, a passage node is also used for laying. At the final stage, when assembling ventilation in country houses, both lines - both the outlet and the supply are connected to a special installation with fans. Such equipment in a building is usually installed in the attic.
