Any buildings are designed to perform two basic tasks - living and solving any technical issues. Regardless of the purpose of the buildings, they must have a good and reliable power supply system that can withstand the load created by all devices connected at the same time. In the premises intended for living, more attention is paid to interior design, but in buildings in which people keep their vehicle, the main aspect is completely different.
The wiring diagram in the garage, as a rule, is designed as simple and open as possible. It makes no sense to make it hidden, since this imposes additional financial costs, and also requires large physical costs. In addition, during the maintenance process, many additional problems can occur. Therefore, most drivers strive for simplicity. But at the same time, great attention should be paid to reliability, since in thisthe room not only houses a car, but also contains containers of fuel that, if ignited, can explode.
Let's try to figure out how to wire the garage (the diagram is given in the article) so that you do not worry about the safety of your vehicle and can sleep peacefully without worrying about anything.
Types of voltage
Before we talk about how to make wiring in the garage (the circuit can be either open or closed), let's first understand what electrical voltage is. As practice shows, in most cases a single-phase system of 220 volts is enough. With it, you can create good lighting in the room and power the vast majority of equipment.
Three-phase power supply with a power of 380 W makes sense if the garage is designed for several cars or if the building will have an electric boiler, as well as various industrial machines. In this case, do-it-yourself wiring in the garage (the diagram, photos and main features are discussed in the article) should be able to withstand a large load. Otherwise, there is a danger of a short circuit, which can lead to a fire.
Drafting
Let's take a closer look at this. Garage wiring should provide maximum comfort in the use of electricity. But at the same time, it is still necessary to comply with basic safety standards, so planning it should be taken very seriously. Before asto start any work and purchase consumables, it is recommended to first develop a power grid project, in which all key nuances will be thought out. So you can not only do everything efficiently, but also save a significant amount of money.
In the process of drawing up a detailed plan of the garage, try to do everything in compliance with the scale in three-dimensional projection.
The project should include the following:
- wall, floor and ceiling dimensions;
- place of installation of the electrical panel;
- exact coordinates of the location of lighting elements, sockets and switches.
To reduce the financial cost of wiring the cable, it is very important to calculate the optimal routes from the electrical panel, taking into account its transition from one room to another and the location of the junction boxes. Further, in the garage itself, markings are applied to the working surfaces, on the basis of which the network will be laid. In this case, it is necessary to take into account exactly how you will conduct the cables.
They can be arranged as follows:
- in the room itself, which already has its own transformer;
- near the main building, which is already connected to the main power line;
- separately on the plot by air or cable supply.
Depending on the chosen method, the amount of work required is determined and estimated financial costs are calculated. Also, when planning a project, it is very important to think over the security system. The wiring diagram in the garage shouldprovide for a lightning rod, protection against surges and surges in the general power supply network, as well as grounding.
What elements does the system consist of?
The power supply of any building includes certain elements that ensure its normal functioning.
The main ones are:
- main switchboard;
- electric meter;
- automation system;
- cables and wires;
- lighting elements;
- switches and sockets.
Depending on the individual goals and needs of a particular person, the wiring diagram in the garage (photos of electrical wiring options will surprise everyone with their originality) may involve the presence of heating equipment and other devices.
Power input
So, how to wire in the garage? The network diagram begins with the installation of a common electrical panel. It can be both inside and outside the premises, however, most often choose the first option. It is more practical, convenient and reliable, as well as better to maintain. As a rule, experts recommend installing the device directly near the front door. In the event of any problems, you can de-energize the building and eliminate the possibility of electric shock.
When choosing an introductory shield, you need to consider the following nuances:
- practical operation;
- protection against penetration by third parties;
- presence of an integratedprotection systems;
- maximum number of connected devices.
If the garage is in a common cooperative, then it becomes necessary to connect a separate meter. In this case, it is better to choose switchboard models that already have a built-in electricity meter.
Protection system
As mentioned earlier, the email scheme. wiring in the garage must be reliable. In order to increase the level of safety, it includes special protective equipment that prevents the failure of instruments and devices in the event of voltage surges in the general power supply network.
This includes:
- circuit breakers;
- voltage control relay;
- RCD;
- differential machine;
- OPN;
- voltage stabilizers.
Most often, a simple do-it-yourself wiring diagram in a garage involves the installation of automatic voltage cutters at the input. They are relatively inexpensive and very easy to install, but provide an average level of protection. Therefore, it is best to consider other and more reliable options.
Circuit breakers
These contact switching devices are an indispensable component of the electrical network of any building, regardless of its purpose, as they protect against overloads resulting from power surges.
The automation system is located inside the switchboard in front ofa device for metering and controlling the consumption of an energy resource. If a simplified garage wiring diagram is used, which includes only lighting fixtures, as well as a few sockets and switches, then no additional protective equipment is required.
However, given today's realities and the huge variety of equipment that people use at home, circuit breakers alone will not be enough to provide a high level of protection. The system must be able to withstand heavy loads, so good and high-quality automation is required.
RCD and differential automata
Their main task is to protect a person from electric shock in case of damage to the insulation of the wiring. This is especially important if the garage has an inspection hole in which any equipment is located. As a rule, it contains high humidity, which poses a threat to the he alth and life of a mechanic.
Surge Protectors
If the electrical network is supplied to the building through an overhead line, then during a thunderstorm it may be struck by lightning, which, in turn, will lead to the combustion of all electrical appliances currently connected to the power supply system. To reduce the high potential, surge suppressors are designed, which divert the main impulse to the ground. Their installation is carried out between the automation and the counter.
If the wiring diagram in the garage does not provide for this equipment, then in this caseit is recommended to completely de-energize the building on the eve of the beginning of a thunderstorm. But this option is not very practical, as it limits the normal operation of the garage.
Voltage control relay
As practice shows, several craftsmen work simultaneously in garage cooperatives, so a large load is created on the power supply system. If at the same time similar actions and work are carried out that are performed with errors, then various malfunctions may occur in the electrical circuit.
Loss phase failure is one of the most common phenomena. With it, a strong power surge occurs, which can lead to the failure of lighting fixtures and operating electric motors. Control relays will help to avoid such an unpleasant situation, which automatically turn off the power supply in case of overload.
Modern equipment designed for automated protection is available in a very compact design, so that it can be easily installed in a switchboard. However, even despite this, many people do not use these devices. As a result of this, do-it-yourself wiring in the garage (the circuit can be done in a variety of ways) is unreliable.
Step-down isolating transformers
When inspecting the bottom of the vehicle in the inspection hole, the mechanic is forced to be at high humidity, which is especially dangerous when working with any electrical appliances. To reduce the risk of electric shock,it is recommended to use lighting equipment with a maximum power of not more than 36 volts. However, some devices require much higher voltage, so isolation transformers are used to ensure their safe operation. They virtually eliminate the possibility of electrical injury.
Cables and wires
When choosing consumables for laying an electrical network in a room, special attention must be paid to the quality of the insulating layer. It is desirable that the material from which it is made is resistant to fire. In this case, a short circuit will not cause a fire.
The wiring cable is highly flammable and very dangerous. It should be laid exclusively in special metal boxes that localize the spread of fire in the event of a fire. Qualified electricians advise choosing wires marked with the "NG" index.
In addition, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:
- consumable material;
- cross section;
- applied voltage class;
- strength of the insulation layer.
Only taking into account all these criteria, the electrical wiring of the garage will turn out to be of high quality and safe. Do not skimp on cables, as human he alth and life are priceless.
Lamps and switches
It is best that lighting equipment be connected to different switchingdevices.
The lighting system must be divided:
- total - applies to the entire area of the building;
- local - responsible for a specific workplace.
It is worth noting that fluorescent lamps designed for use in industrial facilities are ideal for providing a comfortable level of illumination in the garage. As a rule, they are installed in the immediate vicinity of the front door.
Local lighting is implemented using conventional incandescent lamps, which in areas with a high level of danger are connected through separating transformers. Switches for them are mounted near the workplace. The only exception is the inspection pit, since it has very high humidity, due to which a short circuit can occur. It is desirable that lighting devices have an IP67 protection class, as well as a metal grill, which excludes the possibility of breaking the lamp in case of a fall.
Sockets
The wiring diagram in the garage should have a well-thought-out arrangement of permanently installed electrical network connectors. When choosing sockets, it is important to consider the rated power that the equipment consumes. Welding machines, heaters, start-charging devices must operate from separate lines equipped with their own protection elements. If you plan to use portable equipment, then it is better to place sockets around the perimeter of the room to get rid of unnecessary wires and carrying. It is convenient to mount them at a height of approximately one and a half meters.
All elements must be equipped with protective covers that prevent accidental ingress of liquid into them. Nowadays, more and more often they began to refuse electrical networks made according to the TN-C system, so everyone is switching to sockets with a protective contact that will be synchronized with grounding.
In the process of laying the cable, various elements of the network will have to be connected to it. It is better to do this through junction boxes, in which all contacts must be well insulated. They are placed at the intersection of wires.
General tips and tricks
The most important thing in the process of connecting electrical wiring is compliance with safety regulations. Otherwise, the consequences can be dire.
In order for the wiring diagram in the garage to be reliable and safe, it should be implemented with all modern standards. At the same time, it should be as simple and understandable as possible. It is best to use a three-core cable. It has good technical characteristics and is able to withstand a large load while connecting several devices at the same time. If there is a three-phase network in the garage, then it is better to use a five-core cable. In this case, the generated load may be uneven.
A three-phase network with a voltage of 380 Volts is performed according to a similar algorithm as the classic one, designed for domestic use. However, it should be thoughtfully distributed according to the number of phases of the sources of electricity consumption.
To simplifytask and minimize financial costs, experts recommend using only modern circuit breakers. They are relatively inexpensive, but at the same time they are able to provide good protection against power surges and surges. However, the specific operating conditions of the premises are of no small importance here.
That's actually all the nuances that should be considered when laying electrical wiring in the garage. If you think carefully about all the above aspects, you will be able to do all the work with high quality, the result of which will not disappoint you.
