Cherry is a favorite of many connoisseurs of delicious and he althy berries. Compotes and preserves are cooked from it, used to decorate dishes and the most delicate dumplings, cheesecakes and various pastries are prepared. Modern varieties of this tree produce sweet fruits comparable in taste to cherries. Large Black cherries have especially sweet berries, but in order to get a bountiful harvest, you need to know about some important rules for caring for them.
Black varieties of cherries with large fruits
Modern gardeners often prefer to grow cherries in their summer cottage, considering it less demanding on the conditions of detention. But breeders managed to bring out hybrid cherries that are not inferior to it in taste and appearance. They have a spreading crown and large black berries, weighing up to 7 grams. Trees are divided into several groups, according to the timing of fruit ripening. The mid-season cherries include Zhukovskaya, Kharitonovskaya, Black consumer goods, late - Molodyozhnaya and Turgenevka, early - Chocolate. This issmall plants, mostly up to 4 meters in height. Another variety - Black large, was bred by the breeder A. Ya. Voronchikhina in the Voronezh berry nursery. It was obtained by crossing varieties of cherries Zhukovskaya and consumer goods black, therefore it belongs to mid-season hybrids.
Description of variety Black large
The tree stands out for its sprawling pyramidal crown. The bark on the shoots is dark green, on the trunk it is gray, not cracking, slightly rough. Long shoots of small thickness, with large internodes. The foliage is large, glossy, dark green with teeth along the edge. The flowers are large, collected in inflorescences of 2-3 pieces. The petals are white, changing to a darker shade by the end of flowering. The berries of the cherry are black, large, rounded, weighing 5-7 g. They are distinguished by the most delicate juicy pulp and a very sweet taste. The stone comes off easily, which makes it easier to process the fruit when preparing various dishes.
Hybrid Features
A distinctive feature of this variety is its high yield and rapid fruit ripening. Seedlings begin to bear fruit at the age of 6-8 years, the yield from one tree averages 20 kg of berries. The advantage of large Black cherries is its frost resistance. The hybrid is able to withstand frost down to -34 degrees, while the branches will not suffer from the cold. The variety withstands dry periods, which is important in areas with an unpredictable climate. The lack of moisture practically does not affect the yield. Cherry Black large is distinguished by its universal application, and equallysuccessfully used both for making jams or compotes, and for fresh consumption. The berry can be frozen in the freezer and stored for two months. Due to the early fruiting period, already in early July, you can enjoy the juicy fruits of this variety.
Disadvantages of the variety
The main disadvantage of the Black Large cherry variety is its low resistance to various fungal diseases. It does not tolerate excessive moisture and is often infected with moniliosis or coccomycosis. The tree lives only 15 years, with age the abundance of the harvest falls. Despite frost resistance, it does not tolerate drafts, so these plants are planted in areas protected from the wind.
Black cherry: planting and care in the open field
To get a bountiful harvest of berries, it is important to choose the right place for planting a cherry tree. It should be well lit and warmed up by the sun, but in rare cases partial shade is also suitable. It is best to plant the plant on the south side. It is important to protect the seedling from cold winds and choose a site where groundwater is not close to the soil surface. You should not choose lowlands where water and melted snow stagnate. Planting cherries and care in the open field begins with the selection of soil. Cherries are undemanding to the composition of the soil, but prefer light loamy or sandy loamy soil. The planting pit is prepared in advance, introducing lime at least a week apart, and then organic fertilizers, such as compost. For 1 m² you will need 400 g of lime and about 10 kgcompost.
The ideal planting time for the Black Large Cherry is early spring. In mid-April, when the soil has warmed up enough, and the buds on the trees have not yet had time to blossom, they begin to dig a hole. Sizes are selected based on the root system of the plant. The standard width is usually 80 cm and the depth is 60 cm. The excavated soil is mixed with humus, superphosphate, potassium chloride and wood ash. A peg is driven into the center of the pit so that its upper part is 40 cm above the soil, part of the soil mixture is poured onto the bottom and a seedling is placed on it. The root neck does not go deep, it should be 7 cm above the surface. Then the hole is covered with the remaining earth, tamped down and a recess is made around the tree to facilitate watering. A bucket of water is poured under the root, the soil is mulched with slips of the pen, peat chips or humus, and the seedling is tied to a stick.
Cherry seedling care
Care for a variety of cherries Black large has its own nuances. Due to the susceptibility to fungal diseases, the plant must be watered carefully, trying not to flood the root system. This hybrid is drought tolerant, so it is better to not moisten the soil around it enough than to overdo it and ruin it. The first time the seedling is watered after flowering, while at the same time introducing top dressing. The second - when the fruits begin to tie and grow a little. In dry summers, additional watering will not harm the plant, so it can be increased up to 1 time in 2 weeks. For one tree at the same time2-3 buckets of water are consumed. If the weather is rainy, the trunk circle must be carefully loosened to a depth of 15 cm, trying not to touch the roots. At least three such procedures are carried out per season. The soil around the cherry should be mulched regularly.
Features of top dressing and pruning of a cherry tree
It is necessary to form the crown of Black large cherries - this variety does not tolerate thickening, and extra branches over 40 cm must be regularly removed. If the shoots are directed inside the crown, they are also removed. An adult tree retains no more than 10 skeletal branches. Periodically carry out sanitary and anti-aging pruning. This reduces the risk of spreading fungal diseases. Annual cherries are shortened to 80 cm, laying 3 main branches. The next year, the central part is shortened by 60 cm, counting the distance from the highest branch on the first tier.
How to harvest a bountiful harvest of black cherries
Cherry Black large is not able to pollinate itself, therefore, for the appearance of fruits, it needs neighboring varieties. The best of them are: Turgenevka, Zhukovskaya, Kentskaya. The first fruits begin to be harvested in early July, without waiting for full ripeness. When the cherries on the tree darken, you can begin to remove them. The easiest way is to cut the brushes near the attachment of the stem to the branch. Without a stalk, cherries are poorly stored. With proper care and regular feeding, the Black Large variety will produce up to 20 kg of fruit and supply its owner with a sufficient amount of cherries for cooking.various dishes and preservation.
