Any building cannot be without a protective structure - a roof. Its main task is to protect against precipitation and water penetration. At the same time, going down the walls, the water gradually penetrates into the foundation. This leads to early destruction of load-bearing structures and not only. Therefore, a roof drainage system is indispensable. Before starting installation work, you should find out their main types and learn how to make accurate calculations.
What roof drainage systems are there?
Conventionally, all systems differ from each other in what material they are made of and in what way they are built. They are commercially produced or handmade. The latter method has its positive aspects: minimal costs and the ability to implement an individual, unique project. For this, galvanization is used, it has a minimum shelf life. But you will have to periodically inspect and repair - this is a minus.
The factory makes complex structures (no errors), they are easy to assemble and mount. If necessary, you can change one span to another, it will be made by the same manufacturer, so uniqueness and convenience are the main advantages in this case. But the same cannot be said for the price, which is very high.
Which material to choose from?
Too much difference, choosing the material - plastic or metal, no. The first is assembled with or without adhesives. What's Good:
- Does not react to solar radiation - the color does not change.
- No rusting.
- Glue welding is the best method that does not require constant reliability monitoring.
- Light weight with good strength.
- Withstands temperatures from -40 to +65 degrees.
- During installation, there are no difficulties, the selection of any color depending on the interior design.
- The ability to implement any project.
Among the pros, there are always cons:
- The drainage system of the roof does not withstand strong physical impact. Therefore, no more than two floors are being built on houses.
- If a part breaks, it cannot be repaired.
- If glue is not used for assembly, and there is a seal between the joints, then this part must be checked and replaced, as it wears out.
Metal structure
Metal structure can be made fromdifferent materials, this is what affects the final cost. What are the benefits:
- Long service life.
- Reliability.
- Does not react to natural precipitation, suitable for high-rise building.
- Resistant to fire, high temperature ratings.
- Any size.
Cons of metal construction
Among the shortcomings should be highlighted:
- Cost higher than plastic.
- Difficult to install alone - heavy construction.
- There aren't many flowers.
- If the protective layer wears off, rust appears, leading to early failure.
- There are not many additional parts, not suitable for every roof.
Summarizing is not so easy, it is difficult to give preference to one of the materials. It is worth paying attention to the structure, how the roof drainage system, siding, etc. will be operated. The choice should be made not by price, but by quality.
Installation work
The installation of a roof drainage system begins with the following steps: choosing the type, materials and performing calculations. When buying, pay attention to the throughput. It can be: 100/75, 125/90, etc. These two indicators indicate the diameter of the gutter and the main pipe. Each manufacturer makes individual sizes, it will not work to compare parts from different manufacturers.
To select the elements of the gutter system of the roof, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- How muchthe maximum precipitation can fall in the area where you live.
- Determine the area of the slope. To do this, substitute your data in the formula S \u003d (A + B / 2) x C. It happens that the angle of inclination of the roof does not exceed 10 °, another formula applies to them: S \u003d A x C.
After that, you need to decide which type will be relevant and calculate the amount of materials needed. For clarity, each project is transferred to paper in the form of a drawing. Work with each material has its own characteristics.
Calculate installation data
Masters advise not to rush to carry out calculations, otherwise the installation technology may be violated as a result. SNiP roof drainage system and useful tips will be needed not only for beginners, but also for professionals. As a basis, as an example, a standard house is taken:
- Gutter definition - semi-circular or rectangular. They take precipitation from the roof itself. The length of this part should be up to 4 m, fixed with hooks. The part is mounted in advance over the entire area at a distance of 60 cm. Taking into account the angle of inclination, the footage is selected depending on the perimeter of the entire roof. On sale there are piece designs of 4 m each. Next, the required length for a house of a specific square is calculated. Another important point - it is worth rounding up any received figure to a whole number up.
- Gutter angle. You can’t do without it, as it is an opportunity to direct the flow of water in the right direction. Gutters can be external, internal and external. In the standard version, you need to take 4external and two internal, angle - 90 °. It is worth choosing this element depending on the existing design on the house.
- What else is added to the design? Installation of the roof drainage system cannot be completed without a funnel (4 pieces and two plugs). Depending on the type of system, the number of connectors used varies. Often the fastening of corners occurs directly, although some craftsmen use connectors. When the roof is too long, then in this case, compensation connectors cannot be dispensed with. Their main task is to keep the structure in the process of expansion and contraction (heating, cooling). It is worth evaluating the amount of water passing through the drainage system in order to calculate the number of funnels (one is not always enough).
- What to fix the gutters on? There are special hooks on sale, the sizes are different depending on the selected branch. The step between these fasteners is different, but according to the standard scheme it is 60 cm. It is imperative to use plugs. Sometimes the number of hooks reaches 70 pieces around the entire perimeter. You should not take a step more, otherwise the whole installation will simply not hold under the wind.
- The pipe can be found with a round and straight section for vertical drainage of precipitation. There are also special brackets on which the pipe is attached to the wall. In addition, there is a division according to the material to which it is fixed (wood, concrete, brick). How many pipes do you need? The quantity should be calculated depending on the length of all walls along which the installation will take place. The resulting figure is rounded up, since the presence of joints is completely excluded. This may lead toleaks and more. For example, if the height of the house is 2.75 m, then you need to purchase 3 m, the rest will go to trim. If you have a knee, you should put a bracket.
- Pipe elbow, drain. Sometimes you can not do without these components, as they are necessary based on the design of the building. In the presence of a residential attic, the calculation of the drainage system of the roof has its own characteristics.
If you do not pay attention to the calculations, it will be difficult to do everything right.
What's next?
Each step must be done exactly, otherwise the installation will fail without errors:
- Fixing funnels on the roof.
- Fixing hooks to support the entire installation. From the funnel, it should be at a distance of 2.5 cm. Always check the angle of inclination. If the length of the wall is up to 20 m, it is better to fix the gutter at a right angle, at the end of the slope. Another option is a double slope from or to the middle; in this position, the extreme gutters are above all. Water will rush to the funnel between them. For lengths over 20 m, secure installation is required.
- Further work is being done on the connecting elements. It is not always necessary to add expansion parts, and the connecting parts are mounted between the brackets at the same distance.
- After assembly, do not forget about the expansion of the plastic. Sometimes there are funnels already marked, this is convenient and very useful for those people who have no experience in such work. Working with glue does not imply the installation of seals.
- Gutter connection. In thatprocess, glue is used when laying the gutter or sealing gum. The compensation part does not imply the use of glue. The plug is fixed with glue.
- You need to calculate the distance and make holes for fasteners. The knee or funnel is placed first, then the line is laid, glue or sealant is not used. In parallel, the pipe must be fixed to the wall. If necessary, use tees.
- It is important to start the installation of the tide correctly. The precipitation coming from it should not fall on the foundation, otherwise it will not make sense.
The principle of working with a metal structure is identical.
What mistakes are often made?
It is difficult to do everything without mistakes in work, but there are those that happen often, and you can try to avoid them:
- If the choice of the entire installation is made incorrectly, then the throughput is reduced, which means that the appointment of drainage does not make sense.
- When making an estimate of the gutter system of the roof, you should not save on everything. For example, if you do not install grates for catching garbage, you may encounter clogging of all pipes.
- Often the pipes do not withstand the angle of inclination, as a result, water simply flows from the gutter.
- Use the minimum number of funnels.
- Not enough brackets. Leads to deflection of the drainage system, and therefore inefficiency.
- Small number of clamps for vertical fastening. It turns out that under the wind, the mount simply tears off and breaks the sewer.
Why is it dangerous?
Such mistakes will cause the foundation to continue to get wet, which means it will soon collapse. And the money invested in the drainage system was wasted.
Conclusion
So, we have considered what a roof drainage system can be and how it can be installed. If desired, each person can cope with the work on their own. As a result, a reliable structure will be created that protects the foundation from destruction.
