Chimney construction is a responsible job that is usually entrusted to experienced professionals. The safety of the owners of the house, as well as the performance of the furnace, depends on the quality of its implementation. Many owners decide to do this work on their own. That's quite possible. But for this you will need to familiarize yourself with the basic rules for arranging such a system. There are a number of nuances of the installation of the pipe. How to make a chimney pass through the roof will be discussed in detail later.
Why is it important to vent the chimney correctly?
Node of passage of the chimney through the roof, many decide to equip themselves. This leads to various negative consequences. If the owners of the house do not know the intricacies of this process, they can turn to specialists. Their work requires additional costs. However, experienced builders will do their job well. Wanting to save money, you need to learn all the nuances of this process.
If you lead the chimney through the roof incorrectly, moisture gets into the leaky joints. As a result, all the materials from which the roof is made get wet. Fungus and mold can appear in load-bearing structures. They destroy ceilings and insulation materials. The microclimate in the house can become unhe althy. To extend the life of the roof, it is necessary to create sealed joints.
It should be noted that chimneys are made from fairly durable materials. They can withstand temperature changes for a long time. But in the case of constant contact with moisture, chimneys can collapse. This is due to the constant presence of moisture in the transition between the internal and external spaces of the roof. Having been saturated with liquid, a brick, asbestos-cement chimney quickly collapses. The material will crumble, structural changes will appear. As a result, such a pipe will last only two or three seasons. Then it will need to be changed.
The passage of the chimney pipe through the roof, which was installed incorrectly, will provoke other troubles. So, inside such a chimney will quickly grow soot. It will need to be cleaned frequently.
In most cases, the roof is insulated with mineral wool. This material is extremely moisture resistant. He is drenched in it. Because of this, the insulation ceases to fulfill the functions assigned to it. Through a wet area, heat from the room will quickly leave the room. In winter, the owners of the house will pay for energy, for this reason, muchmore money. The heat loss that will fall on the roof will be significant.
To restore the functions of the insulation, you will need to completely change it. These are additional costs. You will also need to change the wooden elements of the roof structure. Due to high humidity, they will rot and quickly collapse.
The chimney passage through the roof must be completely sealed. Otherwise, in winter or during the rainy season, moisture will seep inside the house. First, a puddle forms on the attic floor. Then the water, for obvious reasons, will penetrate further, forming ugly spots on the ceiling. Therefore, the arrangement of the pipe passage node through the ceilings and roof should be approached responsibly.
Where to get the pipe out?
The passage of a chimney through an insulated roof may be required when renovating an old roof or building a new house. In the second case, the owners must choose the right place to bring the pipe out. Many factors influence this. When repairing the roof, it is no longer possible to change the place where the pipe exits.
It is believed that the best place for arranging this knot is the roof ridge. However, not all so simple. In this area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, rainfall will not get inside the house. Leaks in this case are practically excluded. If the chimney is located above the ridge, the draft in the system will be optimal. However, this scheme has one drawback. The arrangement of the truss system will become a complex process. You will need to fiddle with it. With this installation of the chimney, the horizontal beam of the ridgewill need to be broken. And this is a tricky business.
According to SNiP, the minimum distance from the pipe to the rafters or supporting structures should be 14-25 cm. Therefore, in order not to break the beams, you need to move the chimney relative to the ridge. It should be noted that if this object is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from it, then the chimney must rise above the extreme point of the roof to a height of at least 50 cm.
In the process of installing a chimney through the roof, one should take the planning and design of the future building extremely responsibly. If the pipe is at a distance of 1.5-3 m from the ridge, the height of the chimney may be flush with the extreme point of the roof.
If the roof is shed, and the pipe runs at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge, the top point of the pipe may be lower than it. To do this, draw a tangent line between the ridge beam and the chimney. The angle of its inclination should be no more than 10º. Arrangement of the height of the chimney is one of the main issues during the construction work of this unit.
Brick chimney
The passage of a brick chimney through the roof is somewhat different from the arrangement of ceramic and other types of chimneys. This must be taken into account during the planning of construction works. If the chimney is made of brick, you will need to cut a hole in the roof. Its size should be 25 cm larger on each side than the pipe itself. This is especially important when the roofing material is flammable. The gap can only be reduced if the roof is made of metal.
In the area where the pipe passes through the roof, an additional truss structure is installed. Here you also need to create a crate. The space between the wooden structural elements and the chimney will need to be filled with non-combustible material. In this case, mineral wool is most often used. It withstands high temperatures, does not emit harmful substances into the environment. At the same time, mineral wool is an absolutely non-combustible material.
Wooden structural elements must be treated with antiseptics and flame retardants. In some cases, the chimney may rest against the ridge beam. It will need to make a recess. On both sides, the timber is mounted on racks.
To create a chimney passage through the roof with your own hands, you need to mount a metal apron on the roof. With one edge, it should go onto the surface of the chimney at a level of 30 cm, which protrudes above the level of the roof. The second edge is brought under the roofing material in the place where the cut was made. This option is suitable for those pipes that are at a certain distance from the ridge.
If the chimney exits close to the top beam, then a metal apron will need to be brought under the ridge element. On the pipe itself, the steel sheet must be inserted into the strobe. It is made in advance. It is fixed with straps. Also, the entire system is carefully sealed with special insulating compounds.
If the width of the chimney from the side that is parallel to the ridge beam is more than 80 cm, you will need to make a slope. Thisthe situation arises when pipes from the stove, fireplace, ventilation are combined in one pipe. To protect the joint between the pipe and the roof, it is necessary to make a visor. It will divert water and snow to the sides. It is better to entrust this work to professionals, as in this case the master must have considerable experience.
Ready transition block
The passage of the chimney through the roof in a bathhouse or other building can be sealed using a special adapter. It is used if the chimney is round and made of ceramic or metal. There are a huge number of ready-made nodes for creating a chimney passage for sale. Forms of such products may be different. On sale you can find oval, round, square or rectangular knots.
The choice of design option depends on the material from which the roofing and rafter system are made, as well as the diameter of the chimney, the angle of inclination of the slopes. Also, the height of the attic space affects the choice of a finished node. The floor material in the house is also taken into account.
Manufacturers produce walk-through structures, which consist of 2 parts. These are metal rings and flanging. If such products are smelted from ferrous metals, the wall thickness should be from 1 to 3 mm. Rings consist of 2 circuits. Each of them is insulated with bas alt material. This eliminates the possibility of fire in the presence of a heated pipe.
The metal from which the transition assembly is made is covered with protective enamel. This allowsavoid the development of corrosion. Enamel withstands high temperatures (up to +600ºС). Sometimes the penetration is made of stainless steel. The cost of such products will be much higher.
The chimney passage assembly through a soft roof or other materials can be universal. It is made from aluminium. The flange has a cone-shaped corrugation made of silicone. Several standard sizes of such products are on sale. This allows you to choose a ready-made adapter for a pipe of the appropriate size. The top of the corrugation can be cut off so that the pipe can pass through its hole. In this case, the flange is treated with a sealant. It is attached to the roof with screws. They are usually supplied as a kit.
If the roof is made of embossed materials that do not allow fixing with self-tapping screws, you have to fix the system to the crate. For this, long dowels are used. This, for example, may be required if the crawl is made of reinforced concrete. It should be taken into account that the type of roofing material largely affects the procedure for arranging the chimney outlet.
Sandwich chimney
The particular arrangement of the passage of the chimney depends on what material the roof is covered with. Most often, the owners of the house choose ondulin, metal tiles, corrugated board, etc. for finishing slopes. It is also often necessary to make a chimney pass through a soft roof.
Sandwich chimneys have gained particular popularity today. They are easy to install, good qualitydesign, durability and operational safety. The outer body of such a pipe is made of a sheet of metal. It has a beautiful sheen. Such pipes are almost always round in shape. Therefore, for the passage through the roof of a sandwich chimney, ready-made passage elements are most often chosen. They are of two types. Most often, elastic transitional structures are purchased. If the owners do not like how the shiny pipe fits with a similar design, they may prefer a metal transition node.
Elastic adapters are made from a flexible polymer that is resistant to elevated temperatures. The flange (lower element) of the structure is made of a flexible material. Therefore, it can be easily installed both on flat roof slopes and on a surface covered with metal tiles with high waves. The passage through the roof of a sandwich chimney will be the easiest to perform correctly using a similar design. The flange is fixed with self-tapping screws or special studs.
The advantage of elastic adapters for sandwich chimneys and other types of pipes is their low cost. At the same time, installation does not cause difficulties. It will be much more difficult to make a mistake in this case. The kit comes with detailed installation instructions.
The joints during installation are lubricated with a special heat-resistant sealant. They process the place where the pipe comes from, as well as the joint between the flange and the roof. When the sealant dries, you will need to screw the adapter with bolts. To do this, you need to pre-drillholes in the lower flange ring.
Soft roof
The creation of a chimney passage through a roof made of flexible tiles is carried out according to a certain method. First you need to drill a sufficient hole in the roof. A pipe will come out through it. Often the roof does not have powerful beams to fix the system. In this case, you need to purchase a prefabricated passage. It consists of two parts. This reduces the load on the floor.
Two prefabricated parts are attached with self-tapping screws, first from the inside of the roof. Outside, you need to glue a special rubber material with ordinary silicone to create a seal.
Next, you need to mount a non-combustible insulation. To do this, purchase mineral wool in rolls. With the help of bas alt or fiberglass, they fill the space between the prefabricated structure and the chimney pipe. During installation, make sure that the mineral wool does not cover the rubber seal.
Roof cutting is supplied with the prefabricated passage. Its fixation occurs with the help of self-tapping screws. This option is ideal when creating a passage through the roof of the chimney from a sandwich pipe. Roof cutting allows you to protect the system from water penetration. There are many varieties of such structures. They differ in the method of execution, material and angle of inclination.
As a rule, the slope of such structures is from 15 to 55º. The choice depends on the angle of the roof. If the material of its decoration are soft rolled varietiesmaterials, metal cutting can be used. Also, with this method of installation, structures that have self-adhesive tape for high-quality adjoining of the system to the roof are quite suitable for this method of installation.
Tiles and ondulin
The passage of the chimney through the roof can be done independently even if the coating is made of tiles. In this case, the chimney is in most cases lined with bricks. In this case, you will need to perform the work with special diligence. In this case, corrugated, as well as self-adhesive sheet lead or aluminum can be used to finish the chimney.
The materials listed are sold in rolls. On the one hand, they are covered with a special adhesive composition. The reverse side of such a sheet is covered with a foil of the listed metals. This design allows you to protect the chimney from mechanical damage, as well as prevent water from leaking after rain or snowfall inside the house.
Another popular option for roofing is ondulin. He has a lot of positive qualities. It is also sometimes called euroslate. It does not contain asbestos. Therefore, it is classified as an environmentally friendly material. However, its disadvantage is insufficient heat resistance. The temperature limit to which this material can be exposed is 110°C. Therefore, the creation of a passage through the roof is approached very responsibly. Making it is quite difficult. However, with certain knowledge, even a novice master will be able to cope with this task.
It is also worth saying that ondulin is not only notwithstands high temperatures, but can ignite. Therefore, for your own safety, you need to know how to properly make a passage in a roof with a similar finish. It will be necessary to cut an opening in the roof much wider than the diameter of the pipe. This increases the chance of leaks.
To prevent negative consequences, use a metal or silicone passage through the roof for the chimney. Be sure to mount the roof cutting. Also in the design there is always a metal apron. The cutting angle is chosen in accordance with the position of the roof slopes. The ends of the cutting during installation are inserted under the nearby sheets of ondulin.
Profiling
If you want to create a chimney passage through a corrugated roof, most often the owners of the house purchase a sandwich pipe. This is the most reliable, easy-to-install option. The corrugated board is combined with such a design perfectly. To install the chimney, make markings on the roofing.
Next, using a grinder, you will need to cut a hole. It is necessary to retreat from the intended contour a few centimeters deep. The hole in this case will decrease somewhat. This circumstance must be taken into account in the design calculations. At the same time, you need to be very careful. The material should be free of nicks.
When the hole is created, you need to make small cuts in the corners of the hole. Thanks to this action, the material with which the outer side of the slope is trimmed can be bent up. Further, creating a chimney passage through the corrugated roofing, you will need to cutopenings through ceilings. The hole should match the mark you made earlier.
After that, it will be possible to mount the metal box. It additionally protects the roof from overheating. A sandwich pipe is passed through this box. Further, a layer of mineral wool is inserted into the space between the chimney and the roofing material. You can also pour expanded clay. After that, a silicone seal is put on the pipe. It must be carefully glued to the corrugated board.
The above manipulations allow you to create a sealed knot. Water will not seep through it into the house.
Metal tile
The passage of a chimney through a metal roof is created using a standard external cut. The pipe in this case is often made of brick. First, above the roof slope, you need to equip the inner apron. It must be mounted even before the roof is sheathed with metal tiles. The inner apron will need to be ditched. This structural element is made of galvanized steel. The sheet may or may not be coated.
To make a chimney pass through a metal tile roof, you will need to attach a steel profile to the pipe wall. It marks the upper edge of the apron. A grinder makes a strobe along the marking line. It is washed with water to remove construction dust.
Installation of the inner apron starts from its bottom. In the right places, the steel profile is cut. This element must be installed in its intended place. Next, it is cut. The apron is installed in the prepared place. It is firmly pressed to the base. The upper part must exactly match the previously created strobe.
Further, the system is fixed with self-tapping screws. They are screwed through the bottom of the inside of the apron. They must pass through the wooden elements of the roof structure. In the same way, the side and top parts of the apron are mounted. They must be at least 15 cm in size.
Sealing the apron
When creating a chimney passage through the roof, which was covered with metal tiles, it is necessary to seal the inner apron. To do this, the edge that was inserted into the strobe is treated with a heat-resistant sealant.
A tie is wound under the bottom edge of the apron. It is a flat sheet designed to drain water. It is directed to the valley or down to the very eaves. You need to make a side along the edge of the tie. This can be done with pliers.
When the inner apron is installed, you can mount the outer protective screen. It is installed on the same principle as the inner apron. Only its upper edge will not sink into the strobe. It should seal the joint. For this, a special composition is used that is not afraid of high heat.
Having considered the features of arranging the passage of the chimney through the roof, you can create a high-quality system with your own hands. Water will not seep through it after snow or rain. The chimney will perform the tasks assigned to it correctly, it will not quickly become covered with soot inside. The operation of the stove heating willsafe and effective.
