In boiler rooms of industrial enterprises and utilities, heating water units with different types of burners can be used. A very popular type of such equipment are, for example, water-heating models with oil-gas burners. Boilers with HMG can operate on both liquid and gaseous fuels. Quite often, enterprises, for example, use KVGM-100 boilers.
Destination
KVGM units of this modification are designed to produce hot water with a maximum temperature of 150 °C. They are suitable, for example, for systems:
- heating;
- hot water supply;
- ventilation.
These units do a good job of heating water in both industrial and domestic networks. Most often, such equipment is installed at thermal power plants or in district boiler houses. Boilers of this type can be used both as the main heating equipment and as designed to cover peak loads.
One of the advantages of KVGM-100 boilers is that they are allowedoperate in seismically hazardous regions. It is also believed that these models are simply perfectly combined with closed heating systems with forced circulation of water.
Design Features
KVGM-100 and 150 belong to the group of once-through type boilers with a U-shaped layout. Their combustion chamber is completely shielded with pipes 60 x 3 mm, mounted with a step of 64 mm. The nozzles in these boilers are provided by the FPM of the steam-mechanical type. There are 3 of them installed in the boiler chamber. The firebox of these models is located horizontally. Their main blocks are convective and furnace.
Each of the latter consists of vertical risers and U-shaped coils. The vertical risers of the units are connected to the lower and upper chambers. The convective heating surfaces of the KVGM-100 boilers are located in the downcomer flue. The latter in the unit form a rear, intermediate and side screen. All these three elements of the boiler design, in turn, are made in the form of packages with a height of 1220 mm. Packages of KVGM units are assembled from separate sections.
The circulation scheme in this model is quite simple. Water in the boiler moves sequentially along the heating surfaces. It enters the lower manifold of the rear combustion screen. At the same time, water comes out of the lower collector of the front screen. The preparation of the coolant for this boiler is carried out in special installations at the CHPP. Also, this procedure can be performed in city or collective boiler houses.
Screens of the combustion chamber and convectivethe gas conduit of this model is based on the portal. In this case, the support located in the middle of the lower manifold on the intermediate screen is static.
How it ships
The boiler is supplied with:
- furnace block;
- convector block;
- air and gas boxes;
- bunker;
- bundles with accessories.
Also, the manufacturer supplies boxes with accessories with its units. It can be, for example, various kinds of devices, fittings, as well as parts and assemblies from the boiler itself. These boilers are supplied as a block with upper and lower drums and intra-drum devices, a support frame, sheathing, insulation, etc.
Main flaw
KVGM-100 hot water boilers are characterized by high performance, ease of installation and operation. But this model, as, indeed, almost any other, has some drawbacks. The main disadvantage of the KVGM of this modification is the susceptibility of its nodes to corrosion. Therefore, the reconstruction of this equipment at enterprises must be done on time.
Benefits
In addition to high performance, the advantages of KVGM-100 include silent operation, a maximum of 80 dB. Also, the advantage of this model is the safety in operation. The outer wall of this boiler is never heated above 55 °C. That is, the operating personnel of the boiler room when using this model is not at risk of getting burned.
KVGM-100 belongs to rather new models of boilers. One of the advantages of this modification is that itdoes not emit too many harmful gases into the atmosphere. Also, the advantage of these units is efficiency. Fuel KVGM-100 does not consume too much.
Performance
As already mentioned, KVGM-100 boilers are designed to heat water to temperatures up to 150 °C. Models of this type can withstand temperature differences in the range of 40-80 ° C. Also, KVGM boilers have the following performance characteristics:
- working pressure - 10 kgf/cm2;
- peak mode at the inlet - 110 °С;
- main mode at the inlet - 70 °С;
- working water consumption - 1235 tons;
- water consumption in peak mode - 2460 tons;
- exhaust gas temperature - 180 °С;
- fuel consumption - 11.5 t/h;
- hydraulic working resistance - 1.65 kgf/cm2;
- peak - 0.79 kgf/cm2.
The working life of this model is 20 years or 100 hours of operation. The efficiency of this model is 91.3%.
Technical characteristics of KVGM-100
Overall dimensions of this boiler are 14450 x 9600 x 14160 mm. Its combustion chamber volume is 388 m3. At the same time, the area of the ray-receiving surface of the latter is 325 m2. The vertical risers of the sections of the boiler gas duct shields are made of steel 20. They have a diameter of 82 x 4 mm.
U-shaped serpentine packages are made from pipes with a diameter of 28x3 mm. They are installed in a checkerboard beam with steps of 64 mm and 40 mm. Distance between vertic althe risers in the model are 128 mm. The heating index of the convective part of the KVGM-100 boiler is 2385 m2.
What are burners
There are 3 such elements, as mentioned above, in the KVGM boiler. Model burners are designed for spraying fuel oil according to GOST 10585-75. The technical characteristics of the FPM 6000/1000 are as follows:
- capacity - 6000 kg/h;
- fuel oil pressure in front of the nozzle - 33 kgf/cm2;
- spray steam pressure - 4 ugf/cm2;
- spray steam temperature - 200 °C;
- working regulation coefficient - 10.
In some cases (in modes with a capacity of more than 0.8 of the nominal), it is allowed to reduce the steam pressure in the units to 2 kgf/cm2.
Fuel
The technical characteristics of KVGM-100, as already mentioned, are such that it can be melted both on fuel oil and on gas. That is, the equipment is, in fact, universal. Fuel oil for this boiler is supposed to be used with a viscosity of 2.5 VU. Before use in the unit, the fuel must be filtered. It is allowed to use fuel oil with a particle size of impurities not more than 0.5 for this boiler.
How burners work
The main structural elements of the FPM 6000/1000 boiler KVGM-100 are the barrel and blocks with connecting parts. Also part of the burners of the unit are:
- fuel distributor;
- normal nut;
- flare nut;
- steam nozzle.
The barrel of the burner serves toconveying fuel and steam towards the nozzle head. It represents two concentric pipes.
Fuel oil is supplied through the inner tube in the boiler burner through the holes into the annular channel. Further along the tangential channels of the swirler, it enters the swirl chamber. Here, fuel oil acquires a rotational-translational motion.
At the next stage, the fuel in the burner of the KVGM-100 or 150 boiler flows out through the nozzle in the form of a film. Further, the latter breaks up into drops.
In the nozzle of the KVGM-100 boiler there is:
- several tangential channels;
- swirl chamber;
- outlet.
Steam enters the swirler channels through the outer pipe. Further, leaving under pressure in a swirling flow, it participates in the spraying of fuel oil. Gaseous fuel in the boiler is supplied to the root of the torch.
Draft chamber
Air is supplied to the boiler furnace by two fans of the VD-15, 5 type. These devices are driven by an electric motor. The air supply in the boiler is adjusted using a special guide vane. To remove exhaust gases, the model provides for smoke exhausters.
Automatic
The systems of this group of the KVGM-100 boiler are capable of performing the following functions:
- Regulation of hot water temperature, combustion air flow.
- Automatic protection in case of various kinds of emergencies (extinguishing of the torch, turning off circulation pumps, power outages, etc.).
Featuresmounting
At the chosen place, the KVGM-100 boiler, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used even in large workshops of enterprises, like any other similar unit, is mounted on a pedestal. A feature of this model, among other things, is that it can be mounted as soon as possible. From the factory, KVGM boilers, as you can see, are delivered in maximum readiness for this.
Installing this boiler, according to the rules, is allowed on old foundations left, for example, from KVGM or PTVM units.
Firing on fuel oil
In this case, two lower burners are prepared for ignition. Next, they assemble the ignition circuit of the boiler, turn on the drives and fans of the burners, slightly open the gates, etc.
At the next stage, steam is supplied to the nozzles for spraying, setting the required pressure. Then turn on the burner's ROM and check the stability of the torches.
Firing on gas
The technical characteristics of the KVGM-100 boilers are simply excellent. But they need to be operated correctly not only on fuel oil, but also on gas. Before kindling this unit, gas pipelines are prepared. Next:
- preparing a protective ignition device;
- preparing boiler air ducts;
- ventilate flues and furnaces.
At the next stage, burner No. 2 is turned on first, and then Nos. 1 and 3. After ignition of all burners, all torches are checked for operability. Green lights should be lit on the control devices. At the final stage, turn on the general extinguishing protection toggle switch, set the gas and air pressure in front of the burners, etc.
Transfer from gas to fuel oil
In this case, the boiler oil pipes are first prepared, and then various regulators and valves are opened. Before that, they give an application to the driver for pumping fuel oil. Next, they start the supply pump, set the pressure, perform checks, turn on automation, etc.
At the final stage, install nozzle No. 2 into burner No. 2, supply steam and open the valve for fuel oil combustion. Approximately according to the same principle, burners No. 1 and 3 are transferred to liquid fuel.
Important
More detailed instructions RD 34.26.507-91 for turning on the boiler to operate on fuel oil or gas are provided by the manufacturer along with the boiler. It was developed by ORGRES and approved by the Main Directorate for Electrification of the USSR Ministry of Energy in 1991. Full recommendations are also given here for the transfer of equipment from fuel oil to gas and vice versa, for shutdown and safe operation.
Technologically, the process of turning on / off, transferring and servicing the KVGM-100 boiler is quite complicated. But all actions during the operation of this equipment should be carried out strictly according to the instructions. This will guarantee the correct and safe operation of the unit. In any case, according to the standards, kindling of KVGM-100 should be carried out by order of the shift supervisor and under the guidance of the boiler room supervisor and the driver. The same goes for turning it off.
Boiler maintenance
Convective partBoilers of this brand are supposed to be cleaned from external pollution with the help of network water.
The characteristics of the KVGM-100 boiler are simply excellent. However, according to safety rules, it is impossible to operate this unit without enabled interlocks, technological protections, regulators and signaling devices. Deviations from the normal operating conditions of the boiler must be detected in time. During the operation of the unit, it is necessary:
- monitor burners and nozzles;
- check the performance of protective systems;
- monitor the density of the gas-air path;
- monitor the condition of insulation and brickwork, etc.
Inspection of the KVGM-100 boiler is supposed to be done monthly. Also, at least once per shift, it is necessary to check the gas ducts within the unit. Leaks should be reported to the foreman immediately. Further, it is supposed to take immediate measures to eliminate the problem, after organizing the ventilation of the room.
