Dismantling work in relation to reinforced concrete is a fairly common event in the construction industry, which is characterized by technological complexity and a high share of responsibility on the part of performers. This is due to the functions of solid-state materials, since they are subjected to the load from floors and other elements of the structure. But even from a technical point of view, the dismantling of reinforced concrete structures is not so easy to implement without professional support.
General technology for performing work
Conventionally, the entire process of dismantling activities can be divided into three stages: preparation, direct destruction / disassembly and cleaning with the removal of remaining defects.
At the first stage, a technological scheme and a work plan as a whole are drawn up,dismantling tactics, a list of equipment and auxiliary technical means that will be used are selected. At the same stage, parameters such as time, cost and labor intensity of the project are determined. When the plan is drawn up, they proceed to the preparation of the site - it must be cleared before the start of technical operations.
At the main stage, the technology of dismantling reinforced concrete structures involves the direct destruction of the planned structures or its individual elements. These can be walls, columns, ceilings, reinforcing belts, etc. Such work can be done in various ways, from disassembly with hand tools to demolition and direct destruction with special equipment.
At the final stage, work is underway to clear the remaining communications, reinforcing rods, masonry blocks, etc. Recyclable materials are selected and construction debris is collected in special bags for disposal.
Semi-mechanized dismantling methods
The widest and most popular group of methods for the destruction of reinforced concrete structures, involving the use of electric and pneumatic tools. Such means can be used to dismantle brick and monolithic concrete structures, vaulted ceilings and partitions. At the same time, impact and non-impact destruction techniques are distinguished. For example, impact methods for dismantling reinforced concrete structures involve the force of hydraulic and jackhammers up to 60-70 J. Unimpact methods providecutting, drilling and disassembly. Among the most common tools of this type are hydraulic shears, welding machines, machines on the bed that carry out diamond cutting.
Hammerless dismantling methods are in many cases preferred as they leave less dirt, dust and much lower noise levels. It also provides higher accuracy and minimizes accidental undesirable impact on adjacent structures that are not planned to be destroyed.
Thermal and ultrasonic dismantling of reinforced concrete structures
Modern methods of destruction of solid building structures, which also use manual and semi-mechanized tools. For thermal exposure, high-power plasma and gas apparatuses are used. They provide direct heating of the material, resulting in the formation of cracks, melts and evaporation zones. Ultrasonic dismantling of reinforced concrete structures provokes erosion, cavitation, compression and tension. Before using this method, a small hole is created in the target material, through which a powerful ultrasonic wave is then purposefully propagated. This operation is performed by a special ultrasound generator, creating destructive microvibrations from within the structure.
Mechanized dismantling method
If semi-mechanical means of dismantling inmainly focus on the partial destruction of structures within a building or structure, then mechanized equipment is involved in the complete liquidation of construction objects. In such operations, cylindrical and wedge splitters, hammers, concrete and rock breakers are used. This is attachments that are used in combination with movable equipment - automobile or tracked. However, there is also the practice of using stationary transportable installations. The most large-scale capital dismantling of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is carried out using the capacities of tractors, jib cranes, bulldozers and excavators. The nature of the impact in each case will be impact. Exceptions are situations when a powerful force is required on a small area.
What is the cost of dismantling?
Prices for demolition work do not even depend so much on the characteristics of the structure itself, but on the type of tool or equipment used. This is due to the fact that the choice of technique is not always influenced by the characteristics of the material, since the conditions for carrying out such activities can also limit the choice of the destruction method. The average cost of dismantling 1 m2 of reinforced concrete structures is 5-7 thousand rubles. In this case, a semi-mechanized arsenal will be used, which will eliminate walls, roofing and floor coverings, partitions, etc. The complex destruction of buildings and engineering facilities can cost 10-15 thousand rubles. for 1 m3 In this case, as already mentioned, mechanized equipment with a professional attachment will be involved.appropriate format for the particular occasion.
Conclusion
Destructive processes in relation to strong structures must be carefully planned and considered from the point of view of safety and indirect impact on third-party objects. This is especially true for the point dismantling of reinforced concrete structures, when a combination of an intense impact moment and a small area of its application is required. In complex work, a general map of sequential technological operations is also calculated. After all, each structure is connected with other functional parts of the structure, and the destruction of one of them will inevitably affect the state of others.
