Frame houses have been widely used in Europe and America since ancient times. Such residential buildings in these parts of the world have been built for centuries. And consequently, the technologies for building houses of this variety were brought to perfection here. In Russia, the construction of frame houses began relatively recently. And of course, domestic builders did not reinvent the wheel, but took advantage of the already available almost ideal methods of their Western colleagues.
For America, the Canadian technology of building frame houses is considered to be the reference. In Europe, such buildings are erected according to the Finnish or Swedish method. We will talk about what the Scandinavian technology of building a frame house is, and we will talk further in the article.
Main Features
In Russia, such houses began to be built relatively recently, but we already have some developments in this regard in our country. In most cases, domesticcraftsmen erect such buildings using Canadian technology. Frame construction using this technique usually includes:
- pouring the foundation;
- laying the lower harness;
- Laying logs and floor stuffing;
- installation of racks of external and internal walls, partitions;
- assembly of the top harness;
- installation of the truss system;
- wall and roof sheathing.
The Canadian method of erecting low-rise buildings in Russia has become more or less familiar. But recently, Scandinavian technology for building frame houses has been gaining popularity in our country.
It differs from the Canadian one primarily in that at the first stage, in this case, an absolutely empty box with a roof is erected inside, and only then all the house structures are assembled, including curtain walls and partitions. Thus, builders perform a significant part of the work in relatively comfortable conditions, being protected from rain and wind by enclosing structures.
Another feature of the Scandinavian technology for building frame houses is that it involves the use of a large number of ready-made elements and modules.
Of course, not only residential buildings can be built using the Scandinavian technique. When assembling frame baths, the construction technology that came to us from Europe is also widely used. Various kinds of structural elementsin this case, they are mounted in the same way as in the construction of private houses.
Foundation of Scandinavian house
Using this technology, buildings can be erected on two types of foundations:
- slab;
- tape-plate.
In the first case, the foundation of the house is an ordinary solid slab 30-40 cm thick. The second type of foundations in cross section is similar to an inverted letter P. That is, in this case, a tape is also poured along the perimeter of the slab. Inside such a foundation, within the boundaries of the latter, insulation and all communications are laid. Such a base is called an insulated Swedish plate.
Box
The frame of a Scandinavian house is built exclusively from planed boards. The timber for the assembly of such buildings is not used. Boxes of structures can be assembled in this case using several different methods.
The construction of frame houses using Finnish technology (one of the Scandinavian varieties), for example, involves assembling each wall separately on the ground. That is, in this case, a rectangle is first knocked down from the lower and upper strapping boards and extreme racks. Then mount all intermediate racks. Next, the wooden “lattice frame” assembled in this way is installed on the foundation. For small houses, the walls are mounted in this way as a whole, for large ones - in segments-parts.
A feature of the construction of frame houses using Finnish technology is, among other things, the presence of such an element as a crossbar in the wall structure. So called a wide board,fastened under the top harness. This element allows you to subsequently unload windows and doors. Along the edges of such openings in Scandinavian houses, one rack is installed, and not two, as in Canadian ones.
Another feature of this technique is the most reliable assembly of nodes. The technology of frame construction, widely used in Russia today, involves the use of mainly metal corners to connect the parts of houses. When assembling a house according to the Scandinavian method, such fasteners are not used. The frames of buildings are mounted in this case exclusively on nails.
What you need to know
Scandinavian houses are primarily a budget option for buildings that are built using energy-saving technologies. Ceilings in such structures are usually made low. That is, too long a bar for the racks of the frame of the frame of the wall box of the Scandinavian house should not be used.
OSB sheathing
Immediately after the installation of the base of the walls, using the Scandinavian technology for the construction of frame houses, this procedure is performed. The assembled base of the box is sheathed, usually OSB 9 mm, using standard technology from inside the building. Subsequently, these plates will play the role of a support for fixing the insulation from the side of the street.
Scandinavian house building technology: truss system
Approximately the same technology is used in the construction of the Scandinavian house and the roof frame. Roofs on Scandinavian houses in most cases are gabled. At the same time, the atticis arranged as an additional living space - that is, it is insulated.
Trusses in the construction of buildings of this type are often used ready-made factory ones on toothed plates. Such elements are also knocked down not from a bar, but from boards. They weigh relatively little. And so each farm climbs the box simply by the strength of a few people.
In some cases, even entire assembled truss systems or their segments can be installed on the walls of Scandinavian houses. They raise such structures to the house using special equipment.
Roof sheathing
Scandinavian frame-shield construction technology has, among other things, the peculiarity that before proceeding with the assembly of the wall cake, when using it, roofing material is usually stuffed onto the roof of the building. After all, OSB, as you know, is not too resistant to moisture. The roof sheathing will protect the walls of the house under construction from rain.
The roofs of low-rise buildings are sheathed using this technology, usually with composite tiles. This material is lightweight and looks very stylish and Scandinavian. Of course, if desired, such roofing elements can be replaced with metal tiles. It is not customary to use ondulin and slate for roofing in the construction of Scandinavian houses.
Of course, the roof of such a house, before installing tiles or materials imitating it, should be waterproofed and insulated, providing a ventilation gap. As an insulator, it is best to usemineral wool. The gables of the roof of such houses are usually sewn up with OSB 9 mm.
Wall insulation
In most cases, the walls of Scandinavian houses are also insulated from the cold using mineral wool. Expanded polystyrene is rarely used for this purpose. In some cases, ecowool is used instead of bas alt slabs.
Walls are insulated using Scandinavian technology, usually as follows:
- bas alt slabs are installed between the uprights in two layers with overlapping seams;
- after the slabs are laid, the walls along the frame are sheathed with isoplating fastened to the rails;
- filling the finishing skin.
Isoplat in the future on the walls will perform the functions of additional insulation, hydro and wind protection.
Installation of finishing trim
Facades are finished using the Scandinavian technology for building frame houses at the final stage, usually using lumber. Most often it is a lining or block house. In some cases, the boxes of such buildings can also be sheathed with siding. Installation of all such finishing materials is carried out in this case using standard technologies.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of Scandinavian frame house building technologies include:
- low construction cost;
- opportunity to build a house as soon as possible;
- possibility of erecting a box and a roof inany time of the year.
The performance characteristics of such houses are also just excellent. With strict observance of the construction technology, buildings of this type are very warm and quite durable.
The only disadvantage of Scandinavian houses are considered to be some restrictions on architecture. In most cases, such buildings have a strictly rectangular shape. Roofs on such structures, as already mentioned, are almost always assembled as simple gable roofs. Such buildings are usually erected no more than 1-2 floors. That is, Scandinavian houses are budget, quite neat, but at the same time not particularly original suburban real estate.
Scandinavian home designs
The use of Scandinavian frame construction technology thus makes it possible to build durable and user-friendly residential buildings. To assemble by this method, as well as by any other, low-rise residential buildings of very different layouts can. A feature of Scandinavian houses, among other things, is the ergonomics of the interior space. There are no frills in such houses, but they are usually very comfortable to live in.
For example, one of the typical Scandinavian projects is a one-story inexpensive house with an area of 66 m22,in which:
- on the side of the main facade there is a terrace;
- front door in the center of the wall from the terrace leads directly to the living room;
- to the left of the living room is the kitchen;
- in the back of the house behind the living room andtwo small bedrooms are located in the kitchen;
- a bathroom is equipped between the bedrooms;
- a short "corridor" formed by the bedroom doors leads to the bathroom.
Windows in this typical house are in every room.
You can also build a Scandinavian house with an area of 75 m2 this layout:
- the entrance door leads to the vestibule, located parallel to the main facade;
- on the other side of the vestibule, the boiler room is also parallel to the facade;
- behind the vestibule in the house there is a room that simultaneously serves as a living room, kitchen and dining room;
- behind the boiler room is a bathroom;
- behind the bathroom there is an office.
The bathroom and office in such a house can only be accessed from the living room.
Opinion of tenants about Scandinavian houses
Houses built according to any modern technique can differ in both advantages and disadvantages. They, of course, have their pros and cons and frame technologies for building houses. Buildings of this type have been erected in Russia relatively recently. Therefore, there are not too many reviews about them on the Internet. But of course, some owners of suburban areas who built houses using this technology still express their opinion about them on the Internet.
The advantages of buildings of this type, their owners include, first of all, increasedthermal insulation properties of walls. Judging by the reviews available on the Internet, the owners of Scandinavian houses do not have to spend too much on heating even in the coldest winters. Buildings of this type keep heat very well. Its main losses in such structures, as noted by their owners, fall on the windows. Therefore, the owners of Scandinavian frame houses recommend installing exclusively modern two-chamber high-quality double-glazed windows during their construction.
In summer, the microclimate in such buildings, as noted by their owners, is also very pleasant. The walls of Scandinavian skeletons do not heat up as much as concrete or brick. In addition, they also know how to “breathe.”
Some disadvantage of the Scandinavian houses, their owners believe that in the first years of residence they usually smell construction odors. These can be wood resin esters, impregnation, etc. But gradually, as the owners of such buildings note, all sorts of extraneous odors disappear and living in the house becomes even more convenient.
Interior
Scandinavian construction technology, thus, as you can see, is nothing particularly complicated. You can build such a house if you wish, including with your own hands. They decorate frame buildings built using this technology, of course, often also in the Scandinavian style. The main elements of this design are:
- light colors - milky, sandy, beige;
- light and simple in configuration interior items assembled from naturalwood;
- light light textiles without a pattern on the windows.
The walls in such houses are often finished with light decorative plaster. At the same time, in some places it is combined with lining. At the same time, the boards are painted using a white wax or oil tonic.
