If you build a two-story garage, you will get a multifunctional building, where, in addition to the car, you can place inventory or make a residential attic on the second floor. In order not to run into problems during the construction process, you must first create a project according to which the building will be erected.
Design
The layout of a two-story garage should provide for the need to decide for what purposes the second room will be used. It can be an attic or a room for storing car components. When it is not planned to place heavy furniture or other objects with a large mass on the second floor, then it will be enough to build reinforced load-bearing walls for this. However, in the event that the second floor is intended to be used as a living space, then it will be necessary to strengthen not only the walls, but also the base under them. If a two-story garage is created without a project, then you may encounter the fact that the foundation will not withstand the loads, which is why you need to make sure that the foundation is as reliable as possible.
Featuresconstruction: strip foundation construction
As soon as you have decided on the size of the future building, it is necessary to carry out marking on the selected territory. A trench is dug along the resulting contour, the depth of which should be equal to a meter, the final value will depend on the depth of soil freezing. If this mark is lower, then it is recommended to deepen the trench. Otherwise, the thaw may cause the foundation to shift and violate the integrity of the entire building.
Work methodology
Sand and crushed stone are poured into the bottom, the layer thickness of which should reach 20 cm. When a two-story garage is built, the next step is to pour the concrete mixture, which is left for 30 days to harden. After that, the base must be waterproofed by laying roofing material in 2 layers on the surface.
Construction of bearing walls
When a two-story garage is built from foam blocks, their minimum size should be 60x30x20 cm. For partitions, you can use smaller products. Laying the first row will be the most difficult, here it is necessary to correct the unevenness of the foundation surface. The cracks are covered with cement mortar, and the irregularities are smoothed out with a plank with a grinding surface. The first row must be reinforced with reinforcement; for this, strobes are made in the blocks,where the rebars are placed.
A two-story garage must be laid out using a solution to which a plasticizer is added. After they have been raised from the wall to a height of half a meter, you can proceed to the installation of garage doors. Every fourth row in the area of gates and openings must be reinforced with reinforcement. If the first floor will be used to store the car, then the optimal height of the room will be 2.5 m, floors are installed at this level for the construction of the second floor. After the walls are erected to the design level, it is possible to lay a belt of reinforced concrete, and then perform the formwork again, bandaging the space with reinforcing bars. The next step is to pour the concrete solution. In order to increase fire safety, inside the building it is necessary to finish the walls with dry or wet plaster, which has fire-fighting characteristics. Whereas the facade is usually decorated with high-quality corrugated board.
Construction of the second floor
The project of a two-story garage in the next stage involves the creation of a gable roof system, which is formed on a rafter base. Walls of foam blocks should be erected above the frame, this is due to the fact that reinforced concrete slabs are brittle during compression. After the concrete binding has hardened, it is necessary to lay the floors, for which wooden beams or reinforced concrete slabs should be used. Next, the ceiling is being equipped, and thermal insulation work is being carried out above it.
To exita hatch and a comfortable staircase are equipped, which can be wooden or metal. When creating a gable roof on a rafter base, the elements are installed at one end on a load-bearing wall, while their other end is placed on a column or middle wall. Butt-to-beam boards are fixed, which are covered with roofing material. As a covering material, it is best to use tiles or corrugated board. All walls are built to the desired height using the same technology that is used for the first floor. For this, foam blocks are used, which are laid on a cement mortar and reinforced with reinforcing bars.
Creation of sectional doors
Sectional garage doors can be made independently, while the canvas will consist of several panels, the height of which is approximately half a meter. The panels can be made of plastic, wood or steel, and their interior is filled with thermal insulation in the form of polyurethane foam.
The elements are connected to each other on articulated hinges, and couplings, rollers and other moving parts are made of steel plates.
For the manufacture of gates, you need to prepare:
- wooden bars;
- metal pins;
- corner on rails;
- bracket;
- spring;
- metal rod.
From the transverse and two vertical bars, you need to create a box by connecting the elements together with steel plates or squares. The lower part is deepened by 2 cm into the floor screed. When sectional garage doors are made, the box in the opening is fixed with steel pins. The frame should be assembled, and then sheathed with a shield, laying sheet iron on the outside.
From the corner, you can support the mechanism, and drill holes in one of the shelves for attaching to the racks. In the other shelf, 3 holes should be made to fix the spring bracket.
The support for the spring is made from a channel bracket, in order to fix it, it is necessary to drill three additional holes. When building a garage for 2 cars, you can follow the same rules, but in this case it is recommended to place the lower floor in the basement, but the gate can be made using the same method. The iron strip will be used to make an adjustment plate, which will allow you to connect the bracket and the spring, in the latter the extreme parts are bent in the form of hooks, and the voltage regulator is attached to the bottom.
Conclusion
When building a 2-car garage, it's best to make the ground floor above the ground. Since the basement will have to be additionally waterproofed from groundwater.
