It's probably hard to find someone who doesn't like apples. Fragrant juicy fruits can have a variety of tastes: rich sweet, sour, tart. They are good fresh, and cooked jams, jams, jellies and juices perfectly complement our diet in the winter.
Hundreds of varieties of these wonderful fruits are currently known, and despite this, breeders are constantly developing new, more advanced species that are distinguished by high yields, original taste, frost resistance, etc. In this article, we will tell you not about the novelty of the selection. Her heroine will be the apple tree Freshness. Description, reviews of experienced gardeners will help you evaluate the merits of the variety, find out its features.
Freshness was bred in 1976 at the Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding. The variety appeared as a result of a rather complex crossing of the famous Antonovka-red barrel with the Welsey x F2 hybrid M. Floribunda. This variety has a natural immunity to scab, since it contains the Vf gene. Already in 1985, the first experimental trees bore fruit, and in 1994 the variety was selected as an elite one. The authors of this worksteel Z. M. Serova, V. V. Zhdanov, E. N. Sedov.
Adaptation variety
In 1995, the variety was tested in the Central and Central Black Earth regions, and six years later it was released. At the same time, this apple tree was presented in popular gardening publications. Variety Freshness (reviews confirm this) is suitable for planting in intensive gardens. What is this culture?
Freshness is an apple tree that is perfectly adapted to temperate climates. Along with this, it has a fairly high frost resistance. Over time, the Freshness apple tree became widespread. The description of the variety presented by the authors made it possible to adapt it to arid regions, provided that it was abundantly watered. Otherwise, the tree will be depleted. This is due to the fact that apple trees receive the necessary nutrients in dissolved form through the root system. Therefore, in a hot climate, only a large amount of moisture can help it adapt.
Freshness - an apple tree that can be grown in a moderately cold climate. To adapt the variety does not require special measures, since it has high frost resistance. The only thing that needs to be done to help the tree get out of stress as quickly as possible is to feed it with organic fertilizers.
Freshness (apple): description
The tree of this variety belongs to medium height and is characterized by rather fast growth. It has a rounded medium crown. The main branches are compact, slightly curved. The bark on the main branches and stem is brown and smooth.surface. Shoots are cranked, medium thickness, rounded in cross section, pubescent in the upper part, brown in color, medium-sized lentils, are quite common. The kidneys are appressed, smooth, conical in shape.
The leaves are wide, ovoid, large, dark green. The plates are slightly pubescent, have fine-grained edges and a slightly twisted top. Surface with a glossy sheen and deep venation. Petioles of medium thickness, long, slightly hairy.
Flowers
Inflorescences of dense structure, corymbose type. They may include four to six flowers. The buds are painted in a delicate white-pink shade. The flowers are medium in size, with petals of a rounded shape, open. The stigmas are on the same level with the anthers, and sometimes a little higher.
Fruits
Freshness - an apple tree (you can see the photo in the article), which gives fruits of medium and larger size: one apple weighs from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and forty grams. There are also larger specimens, but they do not exceed two hundred grams.
The shape of the fruit is barrel-shaped (slightly flattened on the sides), with wide ribs. The skin has a smooth surface with a glossy sheen. The color in the period of removable ripeness is greenish-yellow, has strokes and red stripes expressed on most of the apple. The stalks are of medium length and thickness, arranged at an angle, straight. Seed chambers of the closed type. Seeds are large, dark brown. Their shape is conical, narrowed. The pulp hasgreenish tint, fine-grained and dense structure. It breaks easily on impact.
The fruits are very juicy, with a slight delicate aroma. The taste of apples is sweet and sour. According to a five-point tasting scale, experts rate their external attractiveness at 4.3 points, taste - at 4.2 points. When compared with the famous Antonovka, its attractiveness was rated at 4.1 points, and the taste characteristics deserved 4.0 points.
Useful substances
Fruits are rich in vitamins and nutrients. They contain:
- 0, 77% titratable acids;
- 9, 2% sugars;
- 12, 4mg/100g ascorbic acid;
- 436mg/100g P-actives;
- 17, 8% pectin.
Fruits are suitable for processing (jam, juices, jams, etc.) and conservation. The period of removable ripeness begins at the end of September. Apples are stored without losing their taste until the end of May. Freshness - an apple tree that yields an average of 187 q/ha.
Planting and care
Apple tree can be planted in autumn and spring. Gardeners recommend buying seedlings before planting, and it is better when their roots are open - you can immediately see what state the root system is in at the moment. The purchased seedling must be prepared for planting: cut off diseased or broken roots, treat cuts or wounds with crushed coal, spread the roots well. The buds on the seedling should not be swollen.
Whereplant an apple tree?
This variety is easy to care for, but it is very important to choose the right place for planting in the garden. Apple tree Freshness will grow quickly and develop properly in a well-lit area, close to a tree of a different variety. This is due to cross pollination.
Ground
You should not dig a very large landing hole: no more than one meter wide and sixty centimeters deep. The soil in it should be well loosened and fertilized. It must be borne in mind that when the planting soil is oversaturated, Freshness (apple tree) quickly grows in growth, but at the same time bears little fruit. When planting a seedling, pay attention to how the root neck is located. Its correct position is level with the soil.
Seedling care
After planting, the seedling should be watered abundantly. Proper care of an apple tree is a set of measures that consists in carrying out simple activities:
- timely and regular plant inspections;
- healing of wound surfaces and injuries;
- removal of damaged or dry shoots; loosening the soil around the tree;
- stem whitewash (spring);
- treatment from pests.
Preparing for winter
In autumn, a young tree is spudded to a height of up to twenty centimeters, the trunk circle is mulched with humus, compost or peat, and the trunk is whitened with a solution of chalk. If rodents rage in your area in winter, who are not averse to feasting on apple bark, tie trunkstrees with reeds or spruce branches. In the first year of life, an apple tree does not need autumn feeding - it has enough organic matter in the mulch.
Storage of fruits
If you want to keep fresh apples, then you should use a wooden container for this. Boxes with fruits are placed in a cool room (basement, cellar).
Diseases and pests
Freshness is an apple tree that rarely gets sick. Due to the presence of the Vf gene, it is not susceptible to fungal diseases, moreover, its level of resistance to scab is quite high. However, these trees can also be subject to such ailments as bacterial burn, black cancer. How to deal with them? Let's deal with this in more detail.
Bacterial burn
May be due to improper care. The main means of combating it is disinfection and destruction of foci of infection.
Black Cancer
As a rule, it develops on a young tree. It is important to prevent this disease from getting to the site. A good prevention of the disease is the application of potash fertilizers.
An equally disturbing symptom is the appearance of pests on the apple tree.
- If the plant is struck by a green aphid, it is necessary to treat the tree with dandelion infusion.
- When an apple moth appears, a solution of chlorophos is used - this is the only remedy that can destroy this pest on an apple tree.
- Nitrofen solution will help you get rid of the leaflet.
Dignity of the variety
According to breeders andexperienced gardeners, the indisputable advantages of the apple tree Freshness is resistance to five races of scab of leaves and fruits. In addition, the advantages include late ripening, high yields, the possibility of long-term storage of fruits (until the end of spring) and high commercial characteristics.
Apple Freshness: reviews
Despite the emergence of a huge number of new varieties and hybrids recently, experienced gardeners continue to grow these time-tested trees with pleasure. They explain their choice by the simplicity of caring for the plant, high yields. The fruits have a pleasant taste, very juicy and fragrant. In addition, they make incredibly tasty jams and jams. The only advice for beginner gardeners from professionals: plant Freshness next to apple trees of other varieties for better pollination.
