In recent years, stove heating has been very popular. It not only saves money on heating a country dwelling, but is also a colorful addition to the interior decoration. The stone oven is chosen by owners who have good taste and we alth. For the construction of such a system, of course, it is better to invite a specialist, but in the modern world the profession of a stove-maker is almost forgotten. Since it is quite difficult to find a master, many owners decide to design a stone oven with their own hands. How to deal with this, what knowledge, materials, etc. are required? Read all about it below.
Types of ovens
In order to lay the stove in accordance with all the regulations yourself, you will need to make some effort. In addition, it is necessary to study all the details of the process, and, of course, prepare for certain expenses.
So, before moving on to laying out the framestove, you need to decide on the type of installation, calculate your heating needs, and also take into account the dimensions of the building. What are stone ovens?
Russian brick oven
This is a multifunctional device that everyone is familiar with from children's fairy tales. It has a space for rest in the form of a couch in the upper part, where you can fully sleep. In addition to it, in a real Russian stove there is a cooking chamber, in other words, a firebox. It is equipped under the couch, so it becomes more comfortable to relax in this place. During the fire, this place warms up well.
The cooking space has a vaulted system, bread is well baked inside and dishes that require long languishing are prepared. A tile is installed near the cooking chamber, and a blower is equipped under it, which ensures a continuous process of burning firewood. Some also equip an additional cavity in the stone oven to keep food hot.
The classic brick oven has the following dimensions:
- Height - 200 centimeters.
- Length - 250 centimeters.
- Width - 150 centimeters.
The impressive size of the stove allows you to heat a space of up to 40 square meters. Perhaps the only and significant drawback of the Russian stove is its high fuel consumption.
Swedish stove
It is a small-sized version, the length and width of which do not exceed one meter. The design is used for cooking and heating the house. Distinguishing feature -in the kitchen, only the hob is equipped, and the rest of the stove is taken out to another room. The disadvantage of the "Swede" is considered to be a high degree of fire hazard, so it must be equipped with shutters.
Dutch
Despite the name, the design was invented by Russian craftsmen. This stone stove is most suitable for the house, or rather, for warming it up. You can't cook food in it. The design feature is a compact size with maximum heat transfer. This becomes possible due to the winding chimney that the stove is equipped with. "Dutch" is made exclusively from brick, and it accumulates heat well and releases it gradually.
Handmade oven construction
Regardless of which stone stove design is chosen, in any case it must meet fire safety requirements. Therefore, the preparatory stage must be given great importance. And it consists of the following steps:
- Detail drawing development.
- Choosing a place to install the oven.
- Selection and purchase of building materials.
- Preparing tools.
- Estimate estimated costs.
One of the most important stages is the preparation of drawings. The final result depends on how well they are done. You can buy a ready-made project in a special organization, developed by specialists, or save money and draw up a diagram yourself based on an examplefrom specialized literature.
When choosing an installation site, the type of room, its area and the type of the chosen structure play a huge role. There are a lot of nuances in this process, so experienced professionals recommend that novice craftsmen create a small copy of a stone stove for a bathhouse or at home, this will help to understand the intricacies of masonry and eliminate errors in the process.
Preparation of tools
When laying the oven, construction, measuring and auxiliary tools will be required. This list includes:
- Shovel.
- Jointing for sealing the composition in masonry joints and giving them a beautiful look. This is only necessary if it is not intended to finish the oven with facing material or plaster.
- Bulgarian.
- Sieve made of metal with cells no larger than 2 mm.
- Trowel.
- Perforator with mixer nozzle.
- Hammer-pick.
- Roulette.
- Plummet.
- Special oven ruler.
- Building level.
- Rags, mops, buckets, etc.
Material preparation
Any oven is built of brick (a photo of a stone oven can be seen below), so this material cannot be saved. There are four types of this stone:
- Hand molded.
- Fireproof.
- Ceramic.
- Silicate.
Facing works are carried out with ceramic bricks. Experts recommend using the M-500 brand, it is excellentwithstands constant temperature fluctuations (heating and cooling). Only refractory material is suitable for laying out the combustion chamber.
In addition, to build a wood-fired stone oven you will need:
- Sand. It must be completely pure, without impurities. For reliability, it must be sieved.
- Clay. The amount depends on the variety. It is best to use normal fat material.
Laying the foundation
The best option is if the foundation was laid out in advance, while still in the process of building a house. If there is no ready foundation, then the most reliable technique is to dig a pit and fill it, according to the size of the furnace, with concrete. After drying, lay out the base of the stone oven for the wood-burning brick house. The foundation must necessarily be wider than the structure itself by 15–20 cm on each side. An indispensable condition is waterproofing, made of two layers of roofing material, laid out on a concrete base.
Laying out the oven with your own hands. Styling tips
The principle of building a stove is based on the following steps:
- Preparing the foundation.
- Arrangement of the oven.
- Brick layout in rows according to the chosen pattern.
- Grate grate device.
- Fitting bricks.
- Installing the furnace door.
From the recommendations of professionals for oven masonry, the following can be distinguished:
- The grate in the oven should be installed without resting on the inner walls. Otherwisethe lattice during heating will expand and deformation of the walls will occur.
- The foundation must be waterproofed.
- The base of the foundation must protrude at least 10 cm.
- The oven is usually made as a separate space on the front wall of the oven with a hole for storing inventory.
- Bricks in the process of laying must be adjusted to each other. There can be no gaps between them, as they must reliably block the smoke channel from the back. Covering the holes with clay will not save. Bricks from the blower must be shifted to the side by 3 cm, and the left bar is extended forward by 1.5 cm. It is customary to wrap the tank door in all attachment points with asbestos cord in several layers. The furnace door is fixed with three layers of galvanized wire. Using quality bricks greatly reduces the risk of cracks.
- Before laying, the bricks should be dipped in water, and laid on the foundation without mortar to create a sample. This will help to check the quality of the layout of the corners and walls of the structure under construction. All corners and walls should be made straight and even, for this a building level is used.
Laying in rows
Don't know how to make a stone oven? It is necessary to study the ordering scheme and understand how many rows your future furnace consists of. Let's analyze the masonry rules using an example:
- Maximum joint gap 5 mm.
- The first row is laid out directly on the foundation.
- After the second row, in the third, a door is mounted that will cover the blower.
- A grate device and a container for ash are installed on the fourth line.
- After the fifth and sixth lines, the blower door is fixed.
- After the seventh line in the eighth row, a partition is made. It makes it possible to start laying out the first line of the chimney.
- Rows eight through thirteen are laid out similarly.
- On the fourteenth, the installation of channels begins. The partition wall is supported by halves of bricks laid in the 15th row.
- The next three lines are laid in the same way.
- A steam door is installed on line 19, an intermediate line is installed on line 20, and the door frame is closed on line 21.
- On the 23rd row, the installation of the chimney pipe begins.
Self-laying the chimney
According to established standards, the thickness of the chimney pipe must be at least half a brick.
The height of this element depends on the height of the ceiling of the building, respectively, the higher it is, the more rows there will be. It is necessary to bring the pipe outside when laying out the furnace above the level of the roof of the building. Good draft in the chimney will only be provided that it reaches half a meter in size, otherwise the chimney will not comply with fire regulations.
The outer part of the pipe of a stone stove for giving is laid out using a special composition. For this purpose, only lime or cement mortar is suitable. Distancebetween the oven and any other surface should not be less than half a meter, otherwise this will be a violation of fire safety. For long-term operation, when arranging the chimney, the sleeve method is used.
The essence of this method is the use of an iron pipe. It is inserted into the chimney and keeps the surface of the bricks from the negative effects of condensation vapors generated by the furnace during heating. The space between the metal pipe and the brick walls is filled with a special fireproof heat insulator for the purpose of insulation. It belongs to the category of non-combustible materials.
Conclusion
The crackling of firewood in the stove, the sight of a burning flame and the flickering of coals - all this helps to relax and unwind after a hard day's work. The main thing is that the furnace structure should be built in compliance with all the rules. Only in this case, she will be able to serve for decades and delight with her warmth.
