The common pecan is a popular North American tree, and its fruits are a source of nutrients that are very beneficial for the body. For Russia, this is an exotic crop, for the cultivation of which winter-hardy varieties are selected. Gardeners should consider where the pecan grows in Russia. Otherwise, you'll be wasting your time. It is also important to take good care of the nut.
Where does the pecan grow in Russia?
Many have heard about the beneficial properties of walnut fruits. But in our climate, not all types of such trees can be grown. Many gardeners are interested in where the pecan grows (a photo of the plant is presented below) in our country.
The fact that this tree can be grown just in a summer cottage and get a good harvest from it will please many.
A pecan is adapted for cultivation in Russia. Primarilyit is cultivated on the Black Sea coast. On the territory of our country, the tree is not used for industrial breeding. It is only suitable for individual cultivation in suburban areas.
Growers know where the pecan grows best in Russia. Southern regions are favorable for the plant. Abundant lighting and humid hot air contribute to the comfortable existence of the plant. However, successful cultivation was observed in the Moscow region and the middle zone of our country.
Description
This plant is a member of the Walnut family. A deciduous tree that can reach a height of sixty meters. In a hot climate, it usually grows up to forty meters, and in the middle lane - up to fifteen meters in length. Pecan in Russia is capable of fruiting up to three hundred years.
The crown is sprawling, has a tent-like shape. It is capable of reaching a girth of forty meters. The leaves are about five centimeters long, bright green. Their surface is smooth. The trunk varies in diameter from two to three meters.
Flowers are scientifically bisexual: female and male type. They have significant differences. Male flowers have the form of earrings that appear at the base of the shoots. Women's are collected up to 10 pcs. in spike-shaped inflorescences. They are at the ends of branches. The flowering process begins in May. It lasts until the end of June.
During the cultivation of pecans, fruits can be observed that have an oblong appearance. Their approximate size is sevencentimeters long and three centimeters wide. Their average weight reaches twenty grams. The fruits are covered with a leathery shell. As it matures, it hardens and cracks. The fruit is oval in shape with a pointed apex. They grow in groups of up to 10 pieces, have a brown tint and contain a core. Unlike walnuts, pecans do not have baffles. And that's a big plus.
These nuts are very rich in minerals and vitamins, they also contain folic acid and tannins. They have cholesterol-lowering ingredients. Pecan kernels have a positive effect on the body with beriberi, anemia, heart failure, as well as other diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Common varieties
In nature, there are more than 150 varieties of this plant. They are mainly bred in the USA and Canada. Pecan nuts grow in Russia thanks to specially bred northern varieties. They differ from other species in high winter hardiness.
When wondering where pecans grow in Russia, you need to clarify what variety we are talking about. Some of them are suitable for growing in temperate climates.
Recommended pecan varieties in Russia:
- Indiana. This hybrid is almost 200 years old. Fruits weigh up to 16 g. They resemble the taste of chocolate. This is a feature of the variety. The taste of the nut becomes aggravated a month after harvest. The tree bears fruit in mid-October and can tolerate frosts down to -35 ºС.
- Carlson 3. Variety bred in Canada and is the most northern plant. The fetus hassmall walnuts. The color of the kernel is light brownish, the nuts are of good quality. Blooms and bears fruit early.
- Stuart. Fairly large hybrid. Its fruits reach a length of 45 mm and a width of 20 mm. The kernel of the nut is yellow, with a slight sweetish aftertaste. The fruits of the tree begin to ripen at the end of September. This plant is resistant to diseases, and due to its frost resistance, it can withstand temperatures as low as -35 ºС. This northern pecan is perfect for growing in the Moscow region.
- Busseron. Variety bred in France. It has a good yield, not whimsical in care. The fruit has a mass of about 12 g. The taste is pleasant, chestnut. The variety has a strong immunity to diseases.
- Kiev. Well pollinated tree. For a stable harvest, it is recommended to plant plants from each other at a distance of up to ten meters. According to the description, it has a very thin shell, which opens quite easily. It has a very pleasant taste and has many useful qualities, surpassing the walnut in these characteristics. The weight of the fetus reaches 12 g.
- Major. The tree bears fruit in early October. Its color is gray-brown, the mass of fruits is up to 12 g. The kernels are quite easily removed and have an exquisite spicy taste. The hybrid is widespread, as it has a high resistance to frost down to -36 ºС.
- Green River. Quite a well-known variety in the USA. After planting, the tree grows slowly for a couple of years. But then the process is clearly accelerated when compared with other varieties. The nut has a thin shell, a light brown hue. Its mass is about 15The tree bears fruit in early October. Frost-resistant variety, able to withstand temperatures down to -36ºС.
Growing process
Components for growing are prepared in late autumn. Then, in a warm climate, they can be planted in the garden. When planting in the middle lane, it is recommended to first germinate the seeds in a greenhouse way. The strongest seedlings are brought into the ground.
If planting occurs in the fall, then it is necessary to prepare beds with furrows. The seeds are deepened by about 6 cm. When the shoots are cut through, they are thinned out. The strongest plants remain.
The seedling method of growing pecans from seeds is quite simple:
- Seeds should be placed in December in wet sand and stored in the refrigerator or in the cellar.
- In early March, it is necessary to fill the prepared material with warm water and leave for three days. The temperature should be room temperature.
- After that, the seeds are poured into a container and kept warm. Planting material is very demanding to care for, so it should be washed every day with water. You also need to pay attention so that mold does not appear on the seeds.
- After the sprouts appear, they are transplanted into a container with soil.
Seedlings need daily watering. In the first year, the plant develops a root. In autumn, plants are transplanted into open ground.
Planting and plant care
The first thing you need to pay attention to when growing is the choice of a suitable place. Also a plantshould be provided with full care throughout the season. And in autumn it is prepared for wintering.
Initially, it is required to provide suitable conditions for planting material on the site. Basically, gardeners in the markets buy seedlings or grafted seedlings. Before buying, the plant should be carefully inspected so that it does not have mold, cracks and other damage. It is recommended to carry out work in spring or autumn, at this time of the year the movement of juices slows down in trees.
To get a good harvest, it is advised to plant at least two types of this plant. This will promote good cross-pollination between the trees. The recommended distance is about 9 meters.
Suitable soil in this case is loose soil. Before planting, be sure to dig up the beds, apply humus and mineral fertilizers.
Rules for planting and watering with bait
The landing sequence is:
- Initially, a hole is dug half a meter deep and 60 cm in diameter.
- It is filled with fertile soil, to which humus and mineral fertilizers are added.
- After backfilling, they put a support, then form a small hill.
- Place the seedling in the hole and compact it with soil.
- The plant is tied to a support.
The soil must be constantly moistened. This is an extremely important procedure for a seedling. This is especially true if the seedling is young. But also do not allow stagnationmoisture. This may lead to the death of the plant.
The tree responds very well to feeding. Therefore, in the spring, you can make a mullein or a mixture of urea. When forming buds, it is recommended to fertilize the nut with superphosphate or potassium s alt. Mixture consumption - 35 g per 10 liters of water.
Pruning and winterizing
Every year, dry and frozen shoots should be cut. Processing is carried out once a year. Suitable time for this procedure is spring or autumn.
Formative pruning should be done on young seedlings. The shoots are removed completely. Branches cannot be shortened, as inflorescences form on them. Therefore, this procedure should be treated responsibly so as not to harm the plant.
Despite the fact that many varieties of this tree are distinguished by winter hardiness, warming is still necessary for young seedlings. The tree trunk should be wrapped with agrofibre. It will help protect against rodents and frost.
At the end of autumn, the tree should be watered abundantly, then a layer of humus mulch should be poured.
Growing pecans in the suburbs
In order to successfully grow the presented plant in the Moscow region, it is worth considering a number of details:
- You need to choose a frost-resistant grafted variety.
- Seeds for cultivation need to be cold-treated.
- Make sure the tree gets good sunlight.
- Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring, and fertilizers are added in summer and autumn.
Due to its early flowering, the tree does notafraid of frost. But at the same time, the plant should still be prepared for winter.
Due to the specific conditions of the Moscow region, a tree does not always have time to produce a crop over the summer. The most rational option for planting is core hazel. This is a hybrid relative of the pecan, which is able to withstand the winter cold without any harm. The fruits taste different. They have bitter notes.
Harvest
The nut ripening process usually occurs in late September or early October. Ripe fruits usually fall to the ground on their own. The crop ripens annually. If a tree is grown from seeds, then fruiting begins in the 9th year. If a tree is grafted, it will bear fruit in four years. A young nut is able to bring a crop of up to five kilograms, and an adult - about fifteen kilograms. The maximum yield is up to 200 kg.
Nuts can be consumed both raw and dried and fried. Storage takes place at a temperature of 10-14 ºС. Peeled nuts can be left in the refrigerator for up to six months. At room temperature, this process lasts no more than 4 weeks.
Methods of reproduction
When breeding a plant, the following methods are used:
- Seeds. The plant can be propagated by seedlings or planted seeds initially in open ground. To increase germination, planting material should be processed. Stronger seeds are selected for cultivation.
- Cuttings. Several new shoots 15 cm long are cut off on a young plant. Then they are rooted in a warmroom. It can be a greenhouse or a house. Then they are carefully looked after: watered, fertilized, loosened the soil.
- Vaccination. The grafting process is quite efficient. It is produced in June or February. As a stock, two-year-old seedlings are used. He althy cuttings obtained from annual shoots are grafted onto the plant.
Conclusion
When wondering where the pecan grows in the world, it can be noted that it can be found in a warm, humid climate. Some northern varieties can also grow in Russia. This nut is valued for its beneficial nutrients found in nuts. The tree prefers a humid and warm climate. But the plant requires careful care, which includes watering, fertilizing, pruning and shelter for the winter.
