Scaffolding is a special structure that serves as a support during work. It also withstands heavy loads. For workers, this design serves as a fixture that provides a comfortable and safe working environment.
Scaffolding is suitable for any kind of interior work. With the help of these devices it is convenient to paint the surface, plaster or putty the walls. The structure itself usually consists of flooring and metal supports. People and the tools they need can freely be on the floor.
Staff requirements
There should be certain posters at the lifting points with the placement plan and the value of the allowable load. An evacuation scheme is also required.
In no case should there be many people in one place. Those. it is necessary to distribute the load, and not give it at one moment to some specific part of the structure.
Decks must be level and fastened to the crossbars. The width is appropriate for different jobs. For example, with stone, it should be at least 2 meters, and if with plastering and painting, then about 1, 5 and 1 meters, respectively.
Types and types of scaffolding
Depending on the purpose, there are several types of scaffolding:
- for stone work;
- repair work;
- protective structures.
The scaffolding itself (construction and others) must withstand heavy loads. They should also be light in construction and quickly dismantled when finished.
Stationary scaffolding
One of those types that is indispensable for repairs. The system consists of so-called "blocks": racks, beams, flooring, fastenings, and so on.
Stationary scaffolds are divided into single-row and double-row. In the first case, put only one row of racks. They are connected to each other with lags.
To build such a scaffold, racks are buried in the ground with a slight slope to a depth of about 1 meter and the hole is carefully buried. There are also posts at the corners, which can be extended with wire strapping.
Working scaffolds
These devices serve mainly as a workplace. The main requirement is sustainability.
In turn, this species is divided into 6 groups:
- I group is used for elementary work like measurements. Moreover, only one person can stand on such a structure. The tool he works with should be light.
- II group can be used for work like maintenance, such as cleaning the facade. The maximum load in this case should not exceed 150 kg per 1 square meter.
- III group is scaffolding, which is used most often when puttying surfaces and other similar works.
The rest of the scaffold groups are designed for stone, tile and other work.
Types of scaffolding
The following varieties are also distinguished.
- Gantry scaffolding. In the building there are special tubular goats (most often steel), which are installed on a solid foundation, and flooring is laid on top. In general, the height of the scaffolds should not exceed 4 meters. In turn, these structures are connected by horizontal ligaments, the distance between which is no more than 2.75 m. Sometimes they are moved apart. Then the distance should be no more than 2 meters.
- Frame scaffolding. This is an installation of pipes (usually aluminum), which are welded to the frames. The latter do not move. It is very simple, easy and fast to assemble such a design and disassemble. In certain places, special puffs are placed. Sometimes irregularities appear, in which case they can be leveled using the so-called spindle supports. If you put wheels on them, then the scaffolding can be rolled from place to place.
- Modular systems. On racks, this type of device has special anchor points for installing various elements.
- Boom platforms are used for protection. There are steel profiles (or beams) made of wood that are used as load-bearing consoles. Approximately 1.5 meters distance between these fixtures.
- Console scaffolding. The purpose is the samelike the riflemen. Separate consoles are made in the form of triangles. They put reinforced concrete floors on which they are fixed. The flooring is solid. It is usually made from boards up to 4 cm thick. Two hanging loops are installed on each console.
- Rack scaffolding. They are made from racks in the form of pipes. There is a lower part that is fixed. Another pipe with a diameter of about 60 mm is inserted into this part. Wooden shoulder straps are laid on the inner pipe, on which the flooring is then installed.
- Inventory scaffolding. If you have to lengthen them, then folding supports are applied to the bottom. Themselves overall, but weigh little. There should be no gaps between the wall and the shield, but if there are, then they must be blocked. This design is very convenient for working in tight spaces, such as bathrooms and the like.
- Hinged platform. This is a structure, the supports of which are metal, the flooring is plank. Mounted on two supports. Pretty high load capacity.
Protection scaffolding
The main purpose is to protect people and tools from falling. Also, the part on top protects against objects falling from above. Protective roofs are usually installed on sidewalks, driveways, entrances and other similar places.
Wooden beams or metal frames are used as the floor. The distance from the wall to the floor must be at least 30 cm. There are also catching scaffolds, along with which special nets are installed to stop a person from falling. The cover must fit snugly against the wall to prevent people below from getting dust or materials on them. Its width must be at least 1.5 meters.
When inspecting scaffolds, it is worth saying that they have load-bearing elements, which are steel and aluminum pipes protected from corrosion. Their thickness should be more than 2 mm. The flooring can be made of wooden beams. There may also be metal options that, with the help of corrugations, provide non-slip safety. The flooring must be firmly laid and not sway. The lateral protection consists of the top and intermediate crossbeam. The 10 cm wide board on the board prevents falling. Railing - up to 1 meter high.
Features of choice
As for the choice of specific scaffolds, it all depends on their scope. If in doubt, it is best to consult a specialist. Basically, when choosing, it is worth considering some points. For example, the problem being solved. Lightweight and compact designs with a height of about 3 m are suitable for small-sized work.
For a larger event, systems with increased strength and rigidity are recommended. In addition, they must be stable in order to ensure maximum safety for people. The presence of a fence should also be taken into account.
Such structures must necessarily have connecting elements that ensure the strength of the structure. Use bolts, couplings or consoles. Anchors are used to attach scaffolds.elements. Stepladders are placed on the scaffold for access. They should be installed inside at an angle of 70 degrees. Now quite often they sell designs with built-in ladders. Such a device is more convenient and saves working time during descent and ascent.
