The heating boiler serves as the basis for the heating system. It is its performance that has a direct impact on the ability of the communication network to provide the home with the required amount of heat. If you correctly and correctly calculate the power of the heating boiler, this will eliminate the need for extra costs associated with the purchase of additional devices and their operation. When carrying out preliminary calculations, the selection of equipment will be correct, that is, its heat transfer, incorporated by the manufacturer, will help in maintaining its technical parameters.
Calculation base
Calculating the power of a heating boiler is a rather significant point. As a rule, this parameter can be compared with the total heat output of the heating system, which is designed to provide a house of a certain size, with a given number of floors, as well asappropriate thermal properties. To equip a small private or country house, there is no need to purchase a very powerful boiler.
Autonomous heating and boiler power are calculated depending on the area - this is the main parameter if the heat engineering of the building is considered according to the regional climate. In this case, the most important parameter is the area of the house.
What affects the calculation?
If you want to calculate the power of the heating boiler as accurately as possible, then for this you can use the methodology provided by SNiP II-3-79. In this case, when making professional calculations, the following factors must be taken into account:
- average regional winter temperature;
- properties of insulating materials used to build building envelopes;
- type of heating circuit wiring;
- ratio of areas of load-bearing structures and openings;
- details for each room separately.
Subtleties of the calculation process
So, the calculation of the heating of the house should be based on the plan of the house, which serves as the most important document for the calculation. In order for the result to be as accurate as possible, it is also necessary to use such information as data on the number of units of digital and household appliances, since it also releases heat into the room in a certain way. However, autonomous heating can be arranged without the need forsuch accurate calculations, and purchase everything with a small margin. This will be the right decision. Most often, the power of heating boilers is rounded up to some value, so purchasing equipment 20-30% more powerful than necessary is the right solution to the problem.
Required parameters
The most primitive calculation method uses this approach: for every 10 square meters of a well-insulated building with a standard ceiling height, 1 kilowatt is required to organize heating. If the power of the heating boiler is calculated, which is also used for hot water supply, then for correct calculations it is necessary to add at least 20%.
For an autonomous heating circuit with unstable pressure in the boiler, it is necessary to add a device, which will increase its power reserve in comparison with the calculated value by at least 15%.
Heat loss accounting
Regardless of whether the power of an electric or gas heating boiler is calculated, the operation of the entire system is associated with a certain percentage of heat loss. Ventilation of the premises is necessary, and if the windows are constantly open, then heat loss for the whole house will be 15% of the energy. With poor wall insulation, approximately 35% will be required to compensate for this shortcoming. Window openings are made in such a way that 10% of the heat goes out, and even more when using old window frames. In the absence of floor insulation, another 15% of the valuable will go into the ground or basement.heat. The roof is a heat loss of 25%. Before calculating the power of the heating boiler, all this must be taken into account and displayed in the calculations.
The simplest formula
In any case, it is required to round off the thermal calculations, as well as increase the resulting value in order to provide a certain margin. That is why, to determine the required value, you can use a fairly simple formula:
W=S x W sp., where
- S is the total area of the heated building, taking into account residential and domestic rooms in sq. m;
- W is the power of the heating boiler, kW;- W sp. represents the average specific power applied taking into account a specific climatic area (this characteristic is based on many years of experience in the operation of various heating systems in the regions).
When multiplying the area by the specified indicator, you can get the average power value. It is adjusted based on the features mentioned above.
Electric boilers
Before you purchase any equipment, you need to clarify its main characteristics and how they correspond to the features and requirements of your system. Calculating the power of an electric heating boiler is a complex procedure, but you need to know this parameter, since it will tell you whether the device is suitable for your particular case or not. In the case of such equipment, power is a paramount parameter, since it is associated with limits,installed regional power plants. If this value is exceeded, then there is a high probability of operation of limiting machines, due to which the house can be disconnected from the supply of electrical energy. When choosing equipment of this class, you must be based on the allowable power, not trying to exceed it, and also correctly calculate the required boiler performance.
At the moment, equipment with fixed and modulated power can be found on sale. Preferably, samples whose value is constant, so that you can avoid power outages due to exceeding the limit, which often happens with devices with modulated indicators. The choice of this type does not affect the economic indicators of energy consumption. This characteristic only affects the amount of energy that the heating system receives from the boiler.
The meaning of the results
The electric heater uses heating elements inside the heat exchanger. They are responsible for the power of the entire unit. Heating of the coolant is carried out during the operation of the heaters and then by means of a circulation pump, which supplies everything to the system. For such boilers, as well as other devices in this category, the power is calculated in kilowatts, while we are talking about the heating element parameter. Depending on the number of heating elements, this parameter can be in the range of 2-60 kW.
What affects power?
The operating parameters of electrical devices can be different, among them one of the most important is the thermal characteristic necessary to replenish the heat loss of the building and provide hot water. The calculation of the power of the heating boiler in this case is based on such data as: the heated area, the thermal insulation qualities of the building, the materials of the floors and walls, the surface area with glazing. This set of parameters should definitely be taken into account when conducting heat engineering calculations for each house, as well as specifying the energy required to prepare hot water.
Electric boiler for small spaces only?
Many are convinced that this type of apparatus can only be used to provide a normal temperature for small houses, so their power is very limited. But this is an erroneous assertion. At the moment, on sale you can find boilers that can provide heating for houses with an area of up to 1000 square meters. In this case, the question arises related to the appropriateness of using such equipment. In such cottages, they are most often installed as backup power sources that work when the main one fails. Small rooms allow the use of equipment characterized by low power. These are single-phase and three-phase boilers. Devices with a power of more than 6 kilowatts can be multi-stage. With their help, you can best save electricity, as you can not use them constantly in the autumn-spring period.
Calculation of the power of a gas heating boiler
Such equipment has a whole range of advantages compared to electric. These are economical and highly efficient devices that provide the proper level of heat transfer. Until recently, the installation of gas equipment required a special room - a boiler room. At the moment, this is no longer such an urgent requirement, since there are many models with a closed combustion chamber. The calculation of the power of a gas heating boiler is carried out taking into account the following significant parameters: the area of \u200b\u200bthe room; boiler specific power per 10 square meters, corresponding to the climate in the region. Calculation of heating by area is the most common practice. For specific power in zones with different climate conditions, there are established values: Moscow region 1.2-1.5 kW; northern regions 1.5-2.0 kW; southern regions 0.7-0.9 kW. Most often, for convenience, an average value is used, which is equal to 1. It turns out that a power equal to 1 kilowatt for every 10 square meters is usually preferred. m of space.
Conclusions
Usually, the calculation of the power of the heating boiler and the heat loss of the building is carried out at the design stage. To ensure the efficiency of the heating system, special conditions must be observed - the arrangement of the appropriate room, which will be equipped with ventilation and a chimney. Now you know how home heating is calculated.
